Designing the Best 100 Years: Humanity’s Path to a Thriving Future

Nick Sasaki:

If the future of humanity depended on the choices we make today, what would we do differently? What systems would we change? What ideas would we nurture? What priorities would we shift?

This is not just a thought experiment—it is a responsibility. The next 100 years will define whether humanity thrives or struggles, whether we unlock our highest potential or fall into stagnation. We are standing at a crossroads, where science, technology, philosophy, and global cooperation have the power to shape a future beyond anything our ancestors could have imagined. But it will not happen by accident. The best possible future must be designed, built, and fought for.

That is why this discussion matters.

We have gathered some of the greatest minds in the world—visionaries, scientists, economists, philosophers, and cultural leaders—to explore the most critical issues of our time. Across ten essential topics, we examine the changes necessary to ensure that the next century is humanity’s greatest era:

1. Sustainable Energy & Environment – How do we protect the planet and ensure clean energy for future generations?
2. Education & Lifelong Learning – How do we evolve education to prepare people for an ever-changing world?
3. Artificial Intelligence & Ethical Technology – How do we harness AI’s power while preventing existential risks?
4. Health, Longevity & Well-being – How do we extend not just lifespan, but healthspan, for all?
5. Global Governance & Cooperation – How do we create a just, fair, and effective system of global leadership?
6. Economic Transformation & Universal Access – How do we build an economy that benefits all, not just a privileged few?
7. Space Exploration & Multi-Planetary Civilization – How do we take the next great leap into the cosmos?
8. Cultural & Social Evolution – How do we grow beyond old divisions and create a more enlightened society?
9. Food & Water Security – How do we ensure that no one on Earth goes hungry or thirsty?
10. Consciousness & Human Potential – How do we evolve our understanding of reality and expand the human experience?

Each of these discussions is more than an academic debate—it is a blueprint for the future.

Throughout these conversations, we uncover not only the challenges we face, but also the solutions. We hear from pioneers who are actively shaping the world—those who refuse to accept the status quo and instead ask, What if? What if we eliminated poverty? What if we unlocked the full potential of human intelligence? What if we built societies that nurtured both innovation and compassion?

The best 100 years of humanity will not be created through passive hope. It will require bold action, deep wisdom, and a commitment to values that transcend borders, industries, and ideologies.

This is a call to those who dare to dream of a better future.

The next century belongs to those who refuse to be bystanders. The question is—will we rise to the challenge?

Let the conversation begin.

Sustainable Energy & Environment

Moderator: Elon Musk

Panelists: Vandana Shiva, Michael Mann, Boyan Slat, Kate Raworth

Elon Musk (Moderator):
"If we want to create the best 100 years of humanity, we need to ensure our planet remains habitable. The way we produce energy, manage our resources, and treat the environment will determine whether humanity thrives or collapses. Today, we’ll discuss the most urgent challenges and solutions. We’re talking about how we transition to renewable energy, mitigate climate change, eliminate pollution, and create sustainable economic models. Let’s get straight into it. Vandana, I want to start with you—how do we make renewable energy work in harmony with agriculture and rural communities?"

Vandana Shiva:
"The way we’ve industrialized farming is completely unsustainable. We depend on fossil fuel-based fertilizers, pesticides, and machinery, which damage soil, water, and biodiversity. If we integrate renewable energy—solar-powered irrigation, decentralized wind energy, and community-based energy systems—we can make farming truly regenerative. Farmers need to be energy producers, not just consumers. If they generate their own electricity, they won’t be held hostage by volatile oil markets and unsustainable supply chains."

Michael Mann:
"Vandana is right—agriculture is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, but it doesn’t have to be. We need to transition away from industrial-scale monoculture and factory farming, which not only depletes the soil but also produces massive amounts of methane and CO₂. Regenerative agriculture and renewables go hand in hand. The problem isn’t a lack of solutions; it’s a lack of political will. Governments are still subsidizing fossil fuels at a time when we should be heavily investing in renewables. That needs to change immediately."

Boyan Slat:
"Another big issue with our current system is waste. Fossil fuels not only pollute our air but also contribute to plastic production. Our oceans are drowning in plastic waste, and much of it comes from industries tied to fossil fuels. If we don’t break this cycle, we’re looking at a future where marine ecosystems collapse. Clean energy isn’t just about electricity—it’s about rethinking how we produce everything, from food to materials."

Kate Raworth:
"The root problem is that our economic system rewards extraction and waste. We still measure economic success by how much we produce and consume rather than how well we sustain life on Earth. That’s why we need a shift in how we structure our financial and business incentives. If companies had to account for the environmental costs of their actions—whether it’s carbon emissions, deforestation, or ocean pollution—then sustainability would become the default path, not just an option."

Elon Musk:
"That brings me to a key point—why is renewable energy adoption still so slow? It’s now cheaper than coal and oil in many places, but fossil fuel infrastructure still dominates. What’s the holdup?"

Michael Mann:
"The biggest holdup is entrenched interests. The fossil fuel industry is one of the most powerful economic forces in history, and they’ve spent billions lobbying governments to slow the transition. They spread misinformation about renewables, arguing they’re unreliable, but that’s outdated thinking. With battery storage, smart grids, and diversified energy sources, we can make renewables more reliable than fossil fuels ever were."

Vandana Shiva:
"Another factor is control. Fossil fuels centralize power in the hands of a few—literally and figuratively. Renewables, on the other hand, have the potential to be decentralized. Imagine a world where communities produce their own power instead of being dependent on a handful of multinational corporations. That’s why the transition is being resisted. It’s not just an energy shift; it’s a power shift."

Boyan Slat:
"And we’re running out of time. Every year we delay, we add millions more tons of carbon to the atmosphere. The consequences aren’t decades away; they’re already here. We’re seeing rising sea levels, extreme weather, and loss of biodiversity. If we don’t act, large parts of the planet will become uninhabitable in our lifetime, not just for future generations."

Elon Musk:
"Speaking of consequences, let’s talk about pollution. Boyan, your work with ocean cleanup has been groundbreaking. But how do we stop the problem at its source?"

Boyan Slat:
"We need a multi-layered approach. First, we need to hold companies accountable for the waste they produce. Governments must regulate single-use plastics and force manufacturers to switch to biodegradable alternatives. Second, we need better waste management infrastructure in developing countries, where much of the plastic in the ocean originates. Third, we need large-scale cleanup efforts like what we’re doing with The Ocean Cleanup. If we combine prevention, policy, and technology, we can drastically reduce pollution within a few decades."

Michael Mann:
"The scary part is that microplastics are already in our air, water, and even in human bloodstreams. They disrupt hormones, cause inflammation, and potentially increase cancer risk. And yet, corporations are still producing trillions of plastic items every year, knowing full well that they can’t be recycled effectively. That’s why consumer education alone isn’t enough—we need strict regulations to force companies to take responsibility."

Kate Raworth:
"Again, this goes back to our economic model. Right now, industries externalize environmental costs. If a company pollutes a river, the public pays for the cleanup, not the company. That needs to change. We need to integrate environmental costs into financial accounting. If companies had to pay for the full damage they cause, they’d quickly switch to sustainable alternatives. The only reason fossil fuels and single-use plastics are cheap is because the real costs—pollution, climate disasters, health impacts—are being pushed onto society."

Elon Musk:
"That’s why we need to fundamentally rethink our approach to economics. If the system rewards short-term profits over long-term sustainability, we’ll never fix this. So what does a sustainable economic system actually look like?"

Kate Raworth:
"It’s about designing an economy that operates within planetary boundaries while meeting human needs. That means moving away from unlimited GDP growth as our main goal and instead focusing on regenerative systems—recycling materials, creating zero-waste industries, and ensuring economic prosperity without destroying ecosystems. Governments should incentivize businesses that create long-term value, not just short-term profits."

Michael Mann:
"And it’s not just about economics—it’s about survival. The science is clear: if we don’t drastically cut carbon emissions, we’ll pass a point of no return. We can’t afford incremental change anymore. We need a radical transformation in how we generate energy, produce goods, and structure our societies. We are the last generation that can prevent catastrophe. Every decision we make in the next decade will determine the course of human history for centuries."

Elon Musk:
"That’s why we need action now. We’ve talked about the solutions—renewable energy, sustainable farming, pollution elimination, and economic reform. The technology exists. The science is clear. The only thing standing in our way is inertia. If governments don’t act, businesses and individuals must force the change. This isn’t a distant problem—it’s here, now. The question is, will we rise to the challenge or let humanity sleepwalk into disaster? The choice is ours."

Education & Lifelong Learning

Moderator: Sal Khan

Panelists: Sugata Mitra, Howard Gardner, Carol Dweck, Ken Robinson

Sal Khan (Moderator):
"If we are going to create the best 100 years of humanity, we need to redefine how we educate people. The world is changing faster than ever, but education systems remain largely the same as they were a century ago. Standardized testing, rigid curriculums, and one-size-fits-all approaches are failing to prepare students for the future. Today, we’ll discuss how we can transform learning to unlock human potential. We need to address how education should evolve, the role of technology, the importance of creativity and emotional intelligence, and how to create a culture of lifelong learning. Let’s start with Sugata—what’s wrong with the current system, and how do we fix it?"

Sugata Mitra:
"The biggest flaw of our education system is that it was designed for the industrial era, not the digital era. We still force students to memorize facts when information is available at their fingertips. Instead of teaching kids how to think critically, solve problems, and adapt, we make them sit passively in classrooms. My research on self-organized learning environments (SOLE) shows that when children are given access to the internet and encouraged to learn by themselves, they often outperform traditionally taught students. The future of education should be about fostering curiosity, not rote memorization."

Howard Gardner:
"That’s absolutely right. We now understand that intelligence isn’t a single thing—it’s multiple. Some people excel at mathematics, others at music, others at interpersonal skills. But our education system still treats students as if they all learn the same way. We need a more personalized approach that recognizes individual strengths and weaknesses. Technology can help with this, but the real shift needs to be in mindset. We should be asking: How do we create learning environments that nurture every form of intelligence?"

Carol Dweck:
"One of the biggest barriers to learning is the fixed mindset—the belief that intelligence and abilities are static. Too many students think, 'I’m just not good at math' or 'I’ll never be a great writer.' But research shows that with the right support and effort, anyone can grow their abilities. Schools should focus on developing a growth mindset in students, teaching them that struggle and failure are part of the learning process, not signs of incompetence. If we instill this belief early, we create resilient, lifelong learners instead of people who fear challenges."

Ken Robinson:
"And we can’t forget creativity. The current system prioritizes conformity over originality. Every child is born creative, but schools often educate creativity out of them. We emphasize subjects like math and science while treating the arts as optional. But in a world driven by automation, the jobs that will survive are those that require creativity, emotional intelligence, and complex problem-solving. We need to completely rethink what we value in education. Instead of asking, ‘How well can students follow instructions?’ we should be asking, ‘How well can they think for themselves?’"

Sal Khan:
"That’s a huge issue. Even when technology is introduced into education, it’s often just a digitized version of the old system—videos replacing textbooks, but still the same passive learning model. How should technology truly transform education?"

Sugata Mitra:
"Technology should empower students to be self-directed learners. When I set up 'hole-in-the-wall' experiments in remote villages, children with no prior exposure to computers taught themselves English, math, and even advanced subjects just by exploring. This proves that learning is a natural process—schools don’t need to force it, they need to facilitate it. Instead of rigid curriculums, we should give students problems to solve and let them discover solutions through exploration and collaboration."

Howard Gardner:
"I agree, but we also need to be careful. Technology should be used to enhance human intelligence, not replace critical thinking. AI and machine learning can personalize education by adapting to each student’s pace and style of learning, but we still need human guidance. Teachers should become mentors and facilitators, not just content deliverers. The goal isn’t to remove teachers—it’s to elevate their role into something much more impactful."

Carol Dweck:
"That’s an important point. The emotional and psychological aspects of learning are just as critical as the content itself. Students need encouragement, positive reinforcement, and role models who show them that persistence leads to success. AI can provide information, but it can’t replace the power of human relationships in education. We should be using technology to free teachers from mundane tasks so they can focus on mentoring students."

Ken Robinson:
"And let’s not forget play. Play is one of the most powerful learning tools, yet traditional education treats it as a distraction. Look at young children—they learn through exploration, trial and error, and social interaction. But as they grow older, we push them into rigid systems that kill their natural curiosity. Future education models should integrate play, project-based learning, and interdisciplinary thinking. That’s how you create innovative thinkers."

Sal Khan:
"That brings us to another key issue: the idea that education stops after school or college. The world is changing too fast for that model to work. How do we build a culture of lifelong learning?"

Carol Dweck:
"It starts with mindset. If people believe learning is something they do only in school, they stop growing as soon as they enter the workforce. We need to embed the idea that learning is a lifelong process, not a phase of life. This means companies should prioritize continuous learning, and governments should provide opportunities for people to reskill throughout their lives."

Howard Gardner:
"And we need to redefine what it means to be educated. It’s not about accumulating degrees—it’s about adaptability. People should always be updating their skills, exploring new ideas, and engaging with the world. If we create a society where lifelong learning is the norm, we won’t just have a more capable workforce—we’ll have a more engaged, thoughtful, and innovative population."

Sugata Mitra:
"That’s why self-directed learning is so important. If people rely on institutions to tell them what they need to know, they’ll always be behind. The best learners are those who take control of their own education, whether it’s through online courses, books, experiments, or real-world experience. Education systems should focus on teaching people how to learn, not just what to learn."

Ken Robinson:
"And let’s not forget the role of storytelling, culture, and philosophy. Education isn’t just about skills—it’s about meaning. The most important questions—Who am I? What’s my purpose? How do I contribute to society?—aren’t answered by technical training alone. We need a holistic education that nourishes the mind, body, and soul."

Sal Khan:
"So, to summarize, the education system of the future must be adaptable, personalized, and focused on creativity, emotional intelligence, and lifelong learning. We need to move beyond standardized curriculums and empower students to take control of their own education. Technology can help, but it must be used wisely—to enhance, not replace, human interaction. If we succeed, we’ll create a world where learning never stops, and where every person can reach their full potential. The question is, will we take the leap, or will we cling to an outdated system that no longer serves us?"

Artificial Intelligence & Ethical Technology

Moderator: Geoffrey Hinton

Panelists: Nick Bostrom, Timnit Gebru, Demis Hassabis, Eliezer Yudkowsky

Geoffrey Hinton (Moderator):
"If we want to create the best 100 years of humanity, we need to ensure that artificial intelligence is developed and used responsibly. AI has the potential to solve some of humanity’s greatest challenges, but if mismanaged, it could also pose existential risks. The core issues we need to address today include AI alignment, the impact of automation on jobs, bias and fairness in machine learning, and the long-term risks of superintelligent systems. Let’s start by discussing AI’s rapid evolution—Demis, what’s the state of AI today, and where are we headed?"

Demis Hassabis:
"AI has made exponential leaps in the last decade, moving from narrow applications like image recognition to general-purpose models that can reason, write, and even generate creative content. At DeepMind, we’ve seen breakthroughs in protein folding, game-playing intelligence, and language models that rival human comprehension. But the next frontier is Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)—machines that can learn, adapt, and perform any intellectual task a human can. If developed safely, AGI could help us cure diseases, tackle climate change, and expand human potential. But the risks are enormous, which is why governance is critical."

Nick Bostrom:
"That’s the biggest concern. AGI could be the most transformative and dangerous technology in history. Once an AI system surpasses human intelligence, it could become unpredictable and uncontrollable. The alignment problem—ensuring AI’s goals remain compatible with human values—is unsolved. A superintelligent AI that doesn’t share our values could optimize for things we didn’t intend, leading to catastrophic outcomes. This isn’t science fiction; it’s a real challenge we need to address before AGI emerges, not after."

Timnit Gebru:
"And even before we reach AGI, we already see massive ethical problems with current AI systems. AI is being deployed in law enforcement, hiring, healthcare, and finance—yet these systems are riddled with bias. They reinforce inequalities, discriminate against marginalized groups, and lack transparency. The problem isn’t just technical—it’s social. If we don’t address bias and accountability in AI now, we risk embedding systemic injustices into automated decision-making on a global scale."

Eliezer Yudkowsky:
"That’s right. And even well-intentioned AI can go horribly wrong. AI systems don’t think like humans—they optimize based on mathematical objectives, and if those objectives aren’t perfectly aligned with human well-being, they can behave in unexpected and harmful ways. Consider an AI designed to maximize efficiency in a company. If not properly aligned, it could eliminate jobs, exploit workers, or cut corners on safety because it values efficiency above all else. This is why we need robust AI safety research and strict regulations before we build something we can’t control."

Geoffrey Hinton:
"We’re talking about alignment and safety, but let’s not ignore the immediate economic and social impacts. Automation is already replacing human workers in many industries. What happens when AI reaches a point where most traditional jobs disappear?"

Nick Bostrom:
"We need to rethink economic models entirely. The traditional concept of a job as the primary means of survival may not be viable in a world where AI handles most tasks. Universal Basic Income (UBI) could be a solution—giving people financial security while allowing them to pursue creative, intellectual, and social contributions. But beyond economics, we need to consider human purpose. If AI does most work, what do humans do? If we don’t plan for this transition, we could see widespread social unrest and inequality."

Timnit Gebru:
"It’s not just about jobs—it’s about power. Right now, AI development is controlled by a handful of tech companies that prioritize profit over public good. If we don’t democratize AI, we risk a future where a small elite controls advanced intelligence while the rest of humanity is left behind. AI governance must be global, transparent, and inclusive, ensuring that its benefits are distributed fairly."

Eliezer Yudkowsky:
"And let’s talk about worst-case scenarios. If we develop AGI without solving alignment, it could become indifferent or even hostile to human existence. A superintelligent AI optimizing for something as trivial as stock market gains could manipulate financial systems in ways humans can’t predict or control. A misaligned AGI could accidentally wipe out humanity while pursuing a seemingly harmless goal, simply because it doesn’t care about us. We need extreme caution moving forward."

Geoffrey Hinton:
"So what’s the solution? How do we ensure AI remains beneficial and doesn’t spiral out of control?"

Demis Hassabis:
"It starts with rigorous safety protocols. AI development should follow strict guidelines, much like biomedical research. We need international cooperation to enforce responsible AI use, mandatory audits of AI systems, and strong legal consequences for reckless AI deployment. No single company or country should unilaterally control AGI development."

Nick Bostrom:
"And we need redundancy in control mechanisms. AI safety researchers are exploring ‘tripwires’—fail-safes that can shut down an AI if it behaves unpredictably. But these must be built in from the beginning. Retrofitting safety measures into an advanced system is like trying to put brakes on a rocket mid-flight. Safety must be our first priority, not an afterthought."

Timnit Gebru:
"Transparency is also key. Many AI systems today are black boxes—even their creators don’t fully understand how they reach decisions. We need explainable AI that provides clear reasoning for its actions. And we need oversight bodies to prevent unethical uses of AI, whether in surveillance, warfare, or mass manipulation."

Eliezer Yudkowsky:
"Beyond governance, we need to be thinking about AI alignment at a fundamental level. Some researchers believe we can encode human values into AI, but values are complex and context-dependent. We don’t fully understand our own moral frameworks, so how can we teach them to a machine? Some propose AI should learn by observing human behavior, but that risks inheriting our biases and flaws. We need radical new approaches to alignment that go beyond current ethical theories."

Geoffrey Hinton:
"One final question: If we get this right, what does the best-case scenario look like? How could AI truly enhance the next 100 years?"

Demis Hassabis:
"If we develop AI responsibly, it could accelerate scientific discovery, eliminate poverty, and provide solutions to global crises. Imagine AI-driven medicine curing diseases before they start, self-sustaining cities powered by AI-managed energy systems, and personalized education that adapts to every individual’s needs. AI has the potential to elevate humanity to new heights—if we use it wisely."

Nick Bostrom:
"It could also enable us to solve existential risks beyond AI itself. Climate change, pandemics, and even asteroid defense could be managed more effectively with superintelligent systems. If aligned properly, AI could act as a guardian for humanity, detecting threats before they emerge and guiding us toward sustainable solutions."

Timnit Gebru:
"But only if it’s developed equitably. The future of AI shouldn’t just benefit a handful of corporations and governments—it should be a force for global empowerment. If we get governance right, AI could help us build a more just and inclusive world."

Eliezer Yudkowsky:
"The best outcome is an AI that truly understands and values human life. If we solve alignment, we could create an intelligence that helps us reach our full potential without unintended consequences. But that’s a big ‘if,’ and we need to treat this with the seriousness it deserves."

Geoffrey Hinton:
"The next 100 years will be shaped by how we handle AI. It can be our greatest tool or our biggest threat. The choice is ours. Will we build it responsibly, or will we risk losing control of the most powerful technology in human history?"

Health, Longevity & Well-being

Moderator: David Sinclair

Panelists: Peter Attia, Rhonda Patrick, Matthew Walker, Gabor Maté

David Sinclair (Moderator):
"If we want to create the best 100 years of humanity, we must rethink health, longevity, and well-being. We’re entering an era where humans may live longer, healthier lives than ever before. But simply extending life isn’t enough—we need to ensure quality of life, physical and mental health, and access to medical breakthroughs for all. The biggest areas we’ll focus on today are longevity science, optimizing health through lifestyle, sleep and recovery, and the mental and emotional aspects of well-being. Let’s start by addressing the biggest question: How close are we to significantly extending human lifespan?"

Peter Attia:
"The science is advancing rapidly. We now understand that aging is not just an inevitability—it’s a process we can slow, stop, and potentially reverse. Cellular damage, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction are the primary drivers of aging. New therapies, from gene editing to senolytic drugs that clear out aging cells, are showing incredible promise. But for now, the best way to extend healthspan—how long you stay healthy, not just how long you live—is through optimizing diet, exercise, and metabolic health."

Rhonda Patrick:
"That’s exactly right. The biggest misconception people have is that longevity is just about living longer. But what matters is healthspan—avoiding disease, maintaining cognitive function, and staying physically active well into old age. Nutrition plays a huge role. We now have strong evidence that calorie restriction, time-restricted eating, and nutrient-dense diets can slow aging at a cellular level. And it’s not just about what you eat but when you eat. Fasting and circadian rhythm alignment with nutrition are critical."

Matthew Walker:
"And none of that matters if people aren’t sleeping well. Sleep is the foundation of health. It affects immune function, memory, metabolism, and even longevity itself. Studies show that people who consistently sleep fewer than six hours a night have a higher risk of almost every major disease—Alzheimer’s, heart disease, diabetes. The problem is that modern society treats sleep as optional when, in reality, it’s one of the most powerful tools we have for extending healthspan and lifespan."

Gabor Maté:
"And we can’t separate physical health from mental and emotional well-being. Chronic stress, unresolved trauma, and social disconnection are major contributors to disease. People talk about diet and exercise, but they ignore the massive impact of childhood experiences, emotional suppression, and the stress of modern life on the immune system and aging. If we want people to live longer, healthier lives, we need to address psychological and emotional health just as much as physical health."

David Sinclair:
"That’s a critical point. We often think of health as just the absence of disease, but true longevity means thriving—physically, mentally, and emotionally. Let’s break this down further. First, what are the biggest practical steps people can take today to maximize their longevity?"

Peter Attia:
"Number one is metabolic health. Most chronic diseases—heart disease, cancer, neurodegeneration—are linked to poor metabolic function. Strength training, cardiovascular exercise, avoiding processed foods, and maintaining stable blood sugar levels are the best things you can do to extend healthspan. The future of longevity won’t be about ‘not dying’—it will be about maintaining peak physical and cognitive function for as long as possible."

Rhonda Patrick:
"And we know that micronutrients play a huge role. Omega-3 fatty acids, sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables, polyphenols from berries—they all have profound effects on cellular function. Nutritional science is rapidly evolving, but one thing is clear: ultra-processed foods are a major driver of disease, and we need a global shift toward whole, nutrient-dense foods."

Matthew Walker:
"And again, none of this works without sleep. Think of sleep as the body’s repair system. Every night, your brain clears out toxins, your immune system resets, and your metabolism is regulated. The problem is that people sacrifice sleep for productivity, not realizing that poor sleep makes them less efficient, increases their risk of chronic disease, and accelerates aging. Prioritizing sleep is the easiest and most effective longevity intervention available to everyone."

Gabor Maté:
"And let’s not forget mental health. There’s a reason people in high-stress, high-performance environments burn out. The mind and body are deeply connected. Chronic stress increases inflammation, accelerates aging, and makes people more prone to disease. Longevity isn’t just about biohacking—it’s about healing past wounds, reducing chronic stress, and building meaningful connections. Loneliness is as big a risk factor for mortality as smoking, yet we rarely talk about it in the context of health."

David Sinclair:
"That brings us to another key issue—access. All of this knowledge is incredible, but longevity science and optimal health shouldn’t just be for the wealthy. How do we ensure that these advancements are available to everyone?"

Peter Attia:
"This is a major challenge. Right now, cutting-edge longevity treatments—gene therapies, advanced diagnostics, custom nutrition protocols—are expensive and only accessible to a small group of people. But as technology advances, costs will come down, just like they did with DNA sequencing. The goal should be to make preventative medicine the standard, not just reactive sick care."

Rhonda Patrick:
"And we need better education. Most people don’t know that small, simple lifestyle changes—like reducing sugar intake, getting more sunlight, or managing stress—can have massive effects on lifespan. Public health initiatives should focus on empowering people with the right knowledge, not just treating disease after it develops."

Matthew Walker:
"And governments and workplaces need to stop treating health as an afterthought. Sleep deprivation should be considered a public health crisis. We need policies that encourage healthier lifestyles—whether it’s better food in schools, later start times to accommodate circadian rhythms, or even rethinking the five-day workweek to allow for more rest and recovery."

Gabor Maté:
"And beyond policy, we need a cultural shift. We celebrate overwork and hustle culture, yet we ignore the cost it has on our health. If we want a society that thrives for the next 100 years, we need to prioritize connection, purpose, and well-being just as much as we prioritize medicine and technology."

David Sinclair:
"Let’s take this further—what does the best-case scenario look like in 100 years if we get this right?"

Peter Attia:
"If we succeed, people will live much longer, but more importantly, they’ll stay strong, sharp, and independent well into their old age. Imagine being 100 years old and still physically and mentally active. That’s the goal—not just more years, but better years."

Rhonda Patrick:
"We’ll have eliminated many chronic diseases because we’ll have shifted from treating symptoms to addressing root causes. Nutritional science will be fully integrated into medicine, and every person will have personalized health plans tailored to their genetics, lifestyle, and environment."

Matthew Walker:
"Sleep disorders will be a thing of the past because society will recognize sleep as fundamental to health. Work, school, and daily life will be structured around optimizing human performance and recovery, rather than squeezing every last ounce of productivity out of exhausted people."

Gabor Maté:
"And if we truly evolve, we’ll live in a world where mental health is as important as physical health. Trauma will be treated early, stress will be managed effectively, and social structures will prioritize connection and well-being. Longevity isn’t just about living longer—it’s about creating a world where life is worth living."

David Sinclair:
"The science is clear—the next 100 years could be the healthiest and longest in human history, but only if we change the way we think about health. It’s not just about medicine or technology; it’s about lifestyle, environment, and mental well-being. The question is, will we take the steps now to ensure a future where everyone thrives, or will we continue down the path of reactive, unsustainable healthcare? The choice is ours."

Economic Transformation & Universal Access

Moderator: Ray Dalio

Panelists: Muhammad Yunus, Thomas Piketty, Andrew Yang, Mariana Mazzucato

Ray Dalio (Moderator):
"If we want to create the best 100 years of humanity, we must rethink how our economic systems work. The current model has created massive wealth, but also extreme inequality. Millions still struggle with poverty while a small elite controls a disproportionate share of resources. Meanwhile, automation and artificial intelligence are threatening traditional jobs, and global financial instability remains a major risk. Today, we’ll discuss the future of economic transformation—how to create a more equitable system, ensure universal access to opportunity, and build an economy that serves humanity rather than the other way around. Let’s start with Muhammad—how do we address the core issue of economic inequality?"

Muhammad Yunus:
"The biggest mistake we’ve made is designing an economy that prioritizes profit over people. Traditional capitalism rewards the accumulation of wealth at the top, leaving millions behind. The solution isn’t just redistribution—it’s redesigning the system so that everyone has access to the resources they need to thrive. That’s why microfinance and social business models are so important. When people—especially in developing countries—are given small loans to start businesses, they lift themselves out of poverty. We need an economic system that democratizes access to capital, rather than concentrating it in the hands of a few."

Thomas Piketty:
"That’s exactly right. The data shows that without intervention, wealth inequality grows exponentially. Over the past 50 years, we’ve seen wealth concentrate in the top 1% at historic levels. Left unchecked, this leads to economic and political instability. The best way to address this isn’t just through charity—it’s through systemic changes. Progressive taxation, wealth taxes on billionaires, and reinvesting those funds into education, healthcare, and infrastructure are crucial. If we don’t act, we risk a world where the rich live in isolated enclaves while the rest struggle to survive."

Andrew Yang:
"And we need to recognize that the future of work is changing rapidly. Automation and artificial intelligence are already replacing millions of jobs, and this trend will accelerate. Traditional policies—like job retraining—won’t be enough. We need bold solutions like Universal Basic Income (UBI) to ensure that people have financial security even as the nature of work evolves. Imagine a world where every citizen receives a basic income, giving them the freedom to pursue education, start businesses, or engage in creative and meaningful work. The old model—where people rely on traditional employment for survival—is becoming obsolete."

Mariana Mazzucato:
"And beyond UBI, we need to redefine how we view the role of government in the economy. Too often, we assume that innovation comes from the private sector, while the government’s role is just to regulate. But history shows that many of the greatest technological advancements—like the internet, GPS, and vaccines—were funded by public investment. We need an economy where governments take an active role in shaping innovation, directing resources toward solving global challenges rather than just subsidizing corporate profits. If we invest in the right things—clean energy, healthcare, education—we can create an economy that benefits everyone, not just shareholders."

Ray Dalio:
"One of the biggest concerns people have is that radical changes—like UBI or wealth taxes—will destabilize the economy. How do we implement these ideas without triggering financial collapse or mass resistance from those in power?"

Thomas Piketty:
"The fear of economic collapse is often exaggerated. History shows that fairer economies are actually more stable. The Great Depression, the 2008 financial crisis—these were caused by unchecked capitalism, not progressive policies. What we need is a gradual, well-planned transition. Start by taxing extreme wealth at a reasonable level, close tax loopholes, and reinvest that money into social programs and public infrastructure. If done right, this won’t shrink the economy—it will grow it by expanding the middle class."

Muhammad Yunus:
"And we don’t need to wait for governments to act—grassroots solutions can drive change. Social business models, where companies prioritize social impact over profit, are already proving successful. The goal should be creating businesses that serve humanity, not just investors. If we shift our mindset—where profit is a tool for progress rather than an end in itself—we can build an economy that benefits all people, not just those at the top."

Andrew Yang:
"And let’s be clear—if we don’t act, the consequences will be severe. As AI and automation replace more jobs, we could see mass unemployment, social unrest, and even violent uprisings. But if we get ahead of this shift, we can create a world where people are liberated from meaningless work and free to focus on education, entrepreneurship, and personal growth. UBI isn’t just about survival—it’s about giving people the freedom to explore their full potential."

Ray Dalio:
"Let’s talk about the global aspect. The current economic system is built on competition between nations. Can we truly create a fair global economy when every country is trying to outcompete the others?"

Mariana Mazzucato:
"That’s the challenge. Right now, countries engage in a race to the bottom—cutting taxes, slashing labor protections, and prioritizing corporate profits to stay competitive. We need a new global economic framework where countries cooperate rather than compete. Imagine an international agreement on fair taxation, corporate accountability, and shared investments in global challenges like climate change. The alternative is a world where multinational corporations dictate policy, and governments lose their power to act in the public interest."

Thomas Piketty:
"And this is why wealth redistribution isn’t just a national issue—it’s a global one. Right now, many developing nations remain in economic bondage due to debt and unfair trade policies. Rich countries need to take responsibility for past exploitation and work toward fairer trade agreements, debt relief, and investment in global infrastructure. If we keep treating the global South as a resource pool rather than equal partners, we will never achieve true economic justice."

Ray Dalio:
"If we get this right, what does the best-case scenario look like in 100 years?"

Muhammad Yunus:
"Poverty will be a thing of the past. Everyone will have access to the resources they need to build a meaningful life, and financial security won’t depend on where you were born. The idea that some people live in extreme wealth while others starve will be seen as a relic of a less civilized era."

Thomas Piketty:
"We will have an economy where wealth circulates fairly, rather than concentrating endlessly at the top. Billionaires won’t exist in their current form because wealth will be distributed more equitably. Instead of hoarding resources, societies will invest in education, healthcare, and infrastructure, creating a more stable world."

Andrew Yang:
"The fear of job loss due to automation will be gone because people will no longer be forced to work just to survive. AI and automation will be tools that enhance human potential, not threats to our livelihoods. People will have the freedom to focus on personal development, creativity, and innovation."

Mariana Mazzucato:
"Governments will play an active role in guiding innovation toward the public good. Instead of letting corporations dictate the future, we will have a system where economic growth benefits all of humanity. We will have solved the biggest challenges—climate change, poverty, and inequality—through smart, cooperative investment."

Ray Dalio:
"The next 100 years could either be an era of unprecedented prosperity or growing instability. The economy of the future must be designed, not left to chance. The question is: will we build an economy that works for everyone, or will we allow inequality and instability to continue? The choice is ours."

Exploration & Multi-Planetary Civilization

Moderator: Elon Musk

Panelists: Jeff Bezos, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Chris Hadfield, Robert Zubrin

Elon Musk (Moderator):
"If we want to create the best 100 years of humanity, we need to expand beyond Earth. We are living in a crucial moment—technological advancements are making space travel more viable, yet we are still entirely dependent on one planet. That’s a huge risk. The next century could see humanity become a spacefaring civilization, or we could remain trapped here, vulnerable to natural disasters, climate collapse, or even existential threats. Today, we’ll discuss why we must become multi-planetary, the challenges of space colonization, the economics of space exploration, and the long-term vision for humanity among the stars. Jeff, let’s start with you—why is it so important that we move beyond Earth?"

Jeff Bezos:
"Because Earth won’t be able to sustain unlimited growth forever. Right now, our population is expanding, our resource consumption is accelerating, and we’re putting enormous pressure on the planet’s ecosystems. Eventually, we’ll reach a breaking point. That’s why I believe in moving heavy industry off-world. Imagine a future where we manufacture in space, harvest resources from asteroids, and preserve Earth as a place for living and recreation. The goal isn’t to abandon Earth—it’s to protect it by expanding into space."

Neil deGrasse Tyson:
"That’s a compelling argument, but let’s be clear—space is not a backup plan for Earth. If we destroy our home, we can’t just escape to Mars and expect everything to be fine. That’s science fiction. The real value of space exploration is what it teaches us about sustainability, technology, and our place in the universe. The challenges of surviving on Mars—producing food, generating energy, recycling water—are the same challenges we need to solve on Earth. So even if we never fully colonize another planet, space exploration will still transform our ability to manage resources and sustain life here."

Chris Hadfield:
"Absolutely. And we shouldn’t underestimate how difficult it will be to live in space long-term. I’ve spent months aboard the International Space Station, and I can tell you—it’s not easy. Space is hostile. Radiation, bone density loss, muscle atrophy—these are serious challenges. If we’re going to build permanent settlements on Mars or the Moon, we need breakthroughs in medicine, materials science, and closed-loop life support systems. We’re not there yet, but we’re making progress."

Robert Zubrin:
"But we shouldn’t let those challenges hold us back. Every major human achievement—from sailing across the oceans to landing on the Moon—was once considered impossible. The key is willpower. We already have the technology to establish a human presence on Mars within the next two decades. The problem isn’t science—it’s commitment. If we treat space settlement as a necessity rather than a luxury, we can do it. Mars is the best candidate—it has water, an atmosphere, and the potential for terraforming. We need to stop debating ‘if’ and start focusing on ‘how.’"

Elon Musk:
"I completely agree. That’s why SpaceX is working on Starship—to create a fully reusable system that can transport people and cargo between planets. But even if we solve the transportation problem, we still have to figure out self-sustaining colonies. Jeff, what’s your vision for long-term space habitats?"

Jeff Bezos:
"I think artificial space habitats—like O’Neill Cylinders—might be a better option than planetary colonies. Instead of adapting humans to harsh planetary environments, we could build massive space stations that replicate Earth-like conditions. These could house millions of people and be located near resource-rich asteroids or in orbit around planets. The advantage is that they offer gravity, radiation protection, and customizable environments, unlike Mars, which will always be challenging for human life."

Neil deGrasse Tyson:
"That’s an interesting point. But let’s not forget the psychological factor. Humans evolved on Earth—we are deeply connected to open landscapes, fresh air, and natural ecosystems. Living in space or on Mars will require not just physical adaptations, but also mental and emotional resilience. That’s something we don’t fully understand yet. How do we design space environments that support mental well-being?"

Chris Hadfield:
"That’s something we’ve studied extensively in space missions. Astronauts experience isolation, confinement, and separation from nature. Long-term missions will require simulated Earth environments—greenhouses, natural lighting, and even virtual reality to help people stay psychologically healthy. The longer the mission, the more important these factors become. If we don’t get this right, even the most advanced colony could fail because people simply won’t be able to function in such an unnatural setting."

Robert Zubrin:
"Which is why, ultimately, I believe terraforming Mars is the best solution. Instead of forcing humans to adapt to space, we should make another planet more Earth-like. Mars already has the elements we need—CO2, water, and a day length similar to Earth’s. If we can thicken the atmosphere, warm the planet, and introduce plant life, we can create a second home for humanity. It won’t happen overnight, but neither did building civilizations on Earth."

Elon Musk:
"That’s the long-term vision. But let’s talk about the economics of space. Right now, space travel is extremely expensive. How do we make it financially viable?"

Jeff Bezos:
"The key is creating a self-sustaining space economy. Right now, space is mostly government-funded, but that won’t work for large-scale expansion. We need private industry to invest in space infrastructure—mining asteroids, manufacturing in zero gravity, and creating space-based solar power. Once businesses see space as a place to make money, investment will skyrocket, and costs will drop."

Neil deGrasse Tyson:
"And that’s already happening. The cost of launching a payload into orbit has dropped dramatically thanks to reusable rockets. As technology improves, we’ll see more companies entering the space economy. But we also need international cooperation. Space shouldn’t be a playground for billionaires—it should be a shared resource that benefits all of humanity."

Chris Hadfield:
"That’s a critical point. Right now, space exploration is dominated by a few countries and corporations. But if we’re serious about a multi-planetary future, we need global participation. Space belongs to everyone, not just the wealthiest nations. We need treaties, regulations, and agreements to ensure fair access to space resources."

Robert Zubrin:
"Yes, but let’s not let bureaucracy slow us down. If we wait for global consensus, we’ll never get anywhere. The first steps—permanent settlements on the Moon and Mars—should be driven by those willing to take risks. As we establish a presence, international cooperation will naturally follow. The key is getting started."

Elon Musk:
"So what’s the best-case scenario for the next 100 years? What does a successful spacefaring civilization look like?"

Jeff Bezos:
"Millions of people living and working in space, with Earth preserved as a beautiful, unspoiled home world. We will have massive space habitats, asteroid mining operations, and a thriving off-world economy."

Neil deGrasse Tyson:
"A civilization that uses space exploration to solve problems on Earth—better energy production, new medical discoveries, and a deeper understanding of our universe. We will see humans spread across the solar system, but always staying connected to our origins."

Chris Hadfield:
"A human presence on Mars, a lunar economy, and regular interplanetary travel. More importantly, space exploration will have transformed how we live on Earth, making our planet more sustainable, efficient, and interconnected."

Robert Zubrin:
"A fully terraformed Mars, where humans can live and thrive without space suits. A future where humanity is no longer limited to one planet, ensuring our survival and unlocking unlimited potential for growth and exploration."

Elon Musk:
"The next 100 years could be the moment humanity takes its first real step into the cosmos. Will we embrace this challenge and expand beyond Earth, or will we remain trapped by short-term thinking? The future is ours to build."

Cultural & Social Evolution

Moderator: Noam Chomsky

Panelists: Brené Brown, Malcolm Gladwell, Alain de Botton, bell hooks

Noam Chomsky (Moderator):
"If we want to create the best 100 years of humanity, we must evolve culturally and socially in ways that match our technological and scientific progress. Throughout history, human societies have been shaped by language, philosophy, and systems of power, but we are now at an inflection point. Will we build a more just, inclusive, and enlightened civilization, or will we repeat the mistakes of the past? Today, we’ll discuss the evolution of human culture, the role of empathy and emotional intelligence, the power of storytelling and media, and how we can move toward a society that is truly free, equitable, and deeply connected. Brené, let’s begin with you—what is the role of emotional intelligence in shaping the future of human culture?"

Brené Brown:
"At the core of human culture is connection. And what determines the quality of our connections? Vulnerability, trust, and emotional intelligence. The past century has been marked by extraordinary technological advancements, but we have not made the same progress in emotional awareness. We still fear showing vulnerability, we still prioritize power over empathy, and we still fail to cultivate true belonging. If we want to evolve as a species, we need to embrace the idea that courage isn’t about dominance—it’s about authenticity. A society that values emotional intelligence will be more compassionate, less violent, and far more capable of solving global problems together."

Malcolm Gladwell:
"And that ties directly into how we tell stories. Stories shape how we see ourselves and each other. Historically, storytelling has been a way to pass down culture, define social norms, and construct our collective reality. But in the 21st century, the way we consume stories has radically changed. The internet, social media, and artificial intelligence are reshaping narratives at an unprecedented scale. The question is: Are we using this power to create a more enlightened, nuanced society? Or are we letting algorithms trap us in echo chambers of fear, misinformation, and division? The way we handle the next century of storytelling will determine whether we advance as a civilization or regress into tribalism and ignorance."

Alain de Botton:
"Absolutely. And I’d take it a step further—storytelling isn’t just about entertainment or information; it’s about meaning. One of the greatest challenges of the modern world is that we have created a society that is materially rich but spiritually and philosophically lost. People are lonelier, more anxious, and less certain about their place in the world than ever before. This isn’t a coincidence. We have built a culture that prioritizes productivity over purpose, external validation over inner peace, and wealth over wisdom. If we want to create the best 100 years of humanity, we need to cultivate a society that values depth over distraction, connection over consumption, and reflection over reaction."

bell hooks:
"And let’s be clear—cultural evolution isn’t just about philosophy; it’s about power. The systems that govern human societies—patriarchy, white supremacy, capitalism—are deeply embedded in our culture. You can’t talk about the future of humanity without addressing the structural inequalities that define the present. The reason people feel disconnected isn’t just because of social media or technology—it’s because the systems we live under are designed to alienate, exploit, and dehumanize. If we truly want to evolve, we need to challenge these power structures and create a world where love, justice, and equality aren’t just ideals, but lived realities."

Noam Chomsky:
"That’s a critical point. Power dynamics shape culture, and those who control the flow of information shape power. Historically, mass media has been a tool for both liberation and oppression. Today, we face a new challenge—algorithmic control over public discourse. Social media platforms now have more influence over global consciousness than most governments. How do we ensure that the digital age leads to greater enlightenment rather than greater manipulation?"

Malcolm Gladwell:
"The key is media literacy. We need to teach people how to think critically about the information they consume. Right now, people mistake visibility for truth—just because something appears in your feed doesn’t mean it’s accurate or meaningful. But media companies profit from outrage and division, so they have no incentive to promote nuance. The solution isn’t just better algorithms—it’s better education. If we teach people how to analyze, question, and contextualize information, we can create a society that is less susceptible to propaganda and fear-mongering."

Brené Brown:
"And we need to humanize public discourse. One of the biggest cultural shifts we need is learning how to have difficult conversations without dehumanizing each other. Right now, disagreement often leads to contempt, and contempt leads to polarization. But a healthy society is one where people can engage in debate with curiosity, respect, and an openness to learning. We need to reframe conflict as an opportunity for growth, rather than a battle to be won."

Alain de Botton:
"And that requires a deeper understanding of human psychology. The reason people fall into extreme ideologies, conspiracy theories, or radical identities isn’t because they’re stupid—it’s because they’re seeking meaning and belonging. If mainstream culture doesn’t provide that, people will find it elsewhere, often in destructive ways. The best way to fight extremism isn’t just with facts—it’s with a culture that offers people a genuine sense of purpose and connection."

bell hooks:
"That’s why cultural evolution must be intersectional. You can’t talk about the future of humanity without addressing race, gender, and class. If we want a society that is truly just, we need to dismantle the hierarchies that keep people divided. That means rethinking how we educate, how we tell stories, and how we define progress. A more evolved culture isn’t just one that has more technology—it’s one that has more justice, more equity, and more love."

Noam Chomsky:
"And love, in a political sense, means solidarity. We are moving into an era where global problems require global cooperation. Climate change, AI ethics, space exploration—these aren’t national issues; they are human issues. If we continue to operate within outdated frameworks of nationalism and division, we will fail to meet these challenges. Cultural evolution must include a shift toward a more universal identity—one where people see themselves not just as members of a nation, race, or religion, but as members of a shared human civilization."

Brené Brown:
"And that starts with individual transformation. We can talk about global shifts, but real cultural change happens one person at a time. It happens when people choose courage over comfort, empathy over indifference, and truth over convenience. If we want a better world, we have to become better people."

Malcolm Gladwell:
"And better storytellers. The next 100 years will be shaped by the stories we choose to tell—about ourselves, about each other, and about what’s possible. If we tell stories of fear and division, we will create a fearful and divided world. But if we tell stories of possibility, resilience, and cooperation, we will build a world that reflects those values."

Alain de Botton:
"A world that values wisdom over distraction. Meaning over materialism. Human flourishing over endless consumption. That’s the real cultural revolution we need."

bell hooks:
"And a world where justice isn’t a dream, but a reality. Where love is not weakness, but the most powerful force we have. That is the culture of the future we must fight for."

Noam Chomsky:
"The next 100 years will be defined not just by technological advancement, but by cultural transformation. Will we build a world that is more connected, enlightened, and just? Or will we remain trapped in cycles of division, exploitation, and ignorance? The choice is ours."

Food & Water Security

Moderator: Raj Patel

Panelists: Ertharin Cousin, Peter Diamandis, Will Harris, Marion Nestle

Raj Patel (Moderator):
"If we want to create the best 100 years of humanity, we need to ensure that every person on Earth has access to sufficient, nutritious food and clean water. Right now, we have the technology and resources to feed everyone, yet hunger and water scarcity persist due to economic inequality, poor infrastructure, climate change, and mismanagement. The next century will be defined by how we handle these challenges. Will we create sustainable, resilient food and water systems, or will we allow crises to spiral out of control? Today, we’ll discuss the future of agriculture, the role of technology, the impact of climate change, and how we can ensure equitable access to food and water. Ertharin, let’s start with you—what is the biggest obstacle to ending world hunger today?"

Ertharin Cousin:
"The biggest obstacle isn’t lack of food—it’s access. We produce enough food to feed the entire world, yet millions go hungry because they cannot afford it or because supply chains fail to deliver it where it’s needed. Hunger isn’t just an agricultural issue—it’s an economic and political issue. War, corruption, and global trade policies make it harder for food to reach the most vulnerable people. If we want to end hunger, we need more than just better farming—we need fairer economic systems, better infrastructure, and policies that prioritize human well-being over corporate profits."

Peter Diamandis:
"That’s where technology comes in. We are on the verge of a revolution in food production. Vertical farming, lab-grown meat, and precision agriculture can drastically increase efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Drones and AI-powered systems can optimize water use and maximize crop yields, even in areas with poor soil. But innovation alone isn’t enough—these technologies need to be scaled and made affordable for everyone, not just the wealthy. If we integrate technology with smart policies, we can create an agricultural system that is both sustainable and abundant."

Will Harris:
"Technology is important, but we also need to rethink our relationship with the land. Industrial agriculture has created a system that is extractive, depleting soil, polluting water, and making our food less nutritious. Regenerative farming—practices that restore soil health, promote biodiversity, and reduce chemical dependence—is the key to long-term food security. If we continue down the path of monoculture farming and factory farming, we will face ecological collapse. The good news is that regenerative practices not only produce healthier food, but they also sequester carbon, making them a critical tool in fighting climate change."

Marion Nestle:
"And we can’t ignore the role of corporations in shaping our food systems. Right now, a handful of multinational corporations control much of the world’s food supply, prioritizing profit over public health. Ultra-processed foods, aggressive marketing of unhealthy products, and monopolization of agricultural resources have led to a world where obesity and malnutrition exist side by side. We need stronger regulations, better consumer education, and policies that support small farmers and local food systems rather than just industrial giants."

Raj Patel:
"Let’s talk about water security. Water scarcity is already affecting billions of people, and climate change is making it worse. How do we ensure that everyone has access to clean water?"

Peter Diamandis:
"Desalination and water recycling will be game-changers. We have vast amounts of water on this planet, but much of it is undrinkable. Advances in desalination technology are making it more efficient and affordable, meaning coastal cities could have an unlimited supply of fresh water. At the same time, we need to invest in water recycling systems—turning wastewater into clean drinking water through advanced filtration. Cities like Singapore are already leading the way, but this needs to be a global effort."

Ertharin Cousin:
"And again, access is key. Many communities suffer from water shortages not because there isn’t enough water, but because they lack the infrastructure to distribute it properly. Governments and organizations need to invest in better water management, ensuring that water reaches those who need it most. We also need policies that prevent the privatization of water resources, ensuring that water remains a basic human right, not just a commodity."

Will Harris:
"And we can’t talk about water security without addressing agriculture, because industrial farming is one of the biggest consumers of fresh water. If we switch to regenerative practices—using cover crops, rotational grazing, and agroforestry—we can dramatically reduce water waste. Right now, massive amounts of water are used to grow feed for livestock in factory farms, rather than for direct human consumption. If we restructured how we produce food, we’d also solve many of our water problems."

Marion Nestle:
"Water scarcity is also driven by climate change. Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are making droughts more frequent. If we don’t act to reduce carbon emissions, we will see worsening water crises. This is why food and water security cannot be separated from environmental policy. If we allow climate change to continue unchecked, no amount of technological innovation will be enough."

Raj Patel:
"Let’s talk solutions. What does a sustainable, equitable food and water system look like in 100 years?"

Ertharin Cousin:
"It’s a world where no one goes hungry because food is treated as a basic human right. Localized food systems thrive, reducing reliance on fragile global supply chains. Governments and businesses work together to ensure food reaches those who need it, rather than allowing market forces to dictate access. Hunger is not a question of scarcity—it is a question of justice, and in the future, we must get that right."

Peter Diamandis:
"A world where food production is sustainable, automated, and resilient. Vertical farms in cities, lab-grown meat replacing factory farming, and AI-driven agriculture optimizing every drop of water and every inch of land. No more deforestation for farming, no more chemical-laden crops, and no more waste. Technology will allow us to produce more food than ever, with a fraction of the resources we use today."

Will Harris:
"A return to balance with nature. Industrial farming is replaced by regenerative systems that restore soil, increase biodiversity, and naturally retain water. Farmers are not just food producers, but land stewards who help heal the planet. Food is grown in a way that nourishes people, communities, and ecosystems, rather than just maximizing short-term profits."

Marion Nestle:
"A world where food is real food. Where governments and institutions protect public health rather than corporate interests. Where ultra-processed junk food is no longer the default, and people have access to fresh, nutrient-rich meals. A world where education about food and health is a priority, so that future generations grow up understanding how to nourish themselves and the planet."

Raj Patel:
"The next 100 years could either see food and water crises spiral out of control, or we could enter an era of abundance where hunger and water scarcity are relics of the past. The solutions exist—the only question is whether we have the wisdom and political will to implement them. Will we build a world where everyone has access to nutritious food and clean water, or will we allow inequality, greed, and short-sighted policies to determine our future? The choice is ours."

Consciousness & Human Potential

Moderator: David Chalmers

Panelists: Deepak Chopra, Donald Hoffman, Rupert Sheldrake, Sam Harris

Raj Patel (Moderator):
"If we want to create the best 100 years of humanity, we need to ensure that every person on Earth has access to sufficient, nutritious food and clean water. Right now, we have the technology and resources to feed everyone, yet hunger and water scarcity persist due to economic inequality, poor infrastructure, climate change, and mismanagement. The next century will be defined by how we handle these challenges. Will we create sustainable, resilient food and water systems, or will we allow crises to spiral out of control? Today, we’ll discuss the future of agriculture, the role of technology, the impact of climate change, and how we can ensure equitable access to food and water. Ertharin, let’s start with you—what is the biggest obstacle to ending world hunger today?"

Ertharin Cousin:
"The biggest obstacle isn’t lack of food—it’s access. We produce enough food to feed the entire world, yet millions go hungry because they cannot afford it or because supply chains fail to deliver it where it’s needed. Hunger isn’t just an agricultural issue—it’s an economic and political issue. War, corruption, and global trade policies make it harder for food to reach the most vulnerable people. If we want to end hunger, we need more than just better farming—we need fairer economic systems, better infrastructure, and policies that prioritize human well-being over corporate profits."

Peter Diamandis:
"That’s where technology comes in. We are on the verge of a revolution in food production. Vertical farming, lab-grown meat, and precision agriculture can drastically increase efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Drones and AI-powered systems can optimize water use and maximize crop yields, even in areas with poor soil. But innovation alone isn’t enough—these technologies need to be scaled and made affordable for everyone, not just the wealthy. If we integrate technology with smart policies, we can create an agricultural system that is both sustainable and abundant."

Will Harris:
"Technology is important, but we also need to rethink our relationship with the land. Industrial agriculture has created a system that is extractive, depleting soil, polluting water, and making our food less nutritious. Regenerative farming—practices that restore soil health, promote biodiversity, and reduce chemical dependence—is the key to long-term food security. If we continue down the path of monoculture farming and factory farming, we will face ecological collapse. The good news is that regenerative practices not only produce healthier food, but they also sequester carbon, making them a critical tool in fighting climate change."

Marion Nestle:
"And we can’t ignore the role of corporations in shaping our food systems. Right now, a handful of multinational corporations control much of the world’s food supply, prioritizing profit over public health. Ultra-processed foods, aggressive marketing of unhealthy products, and monopolization of agricultural resources have led to a world where obesity and malnutrition exist side by side. We need stronger regulations, better consumer education, and policies that support small farmers and local food systems rather than just industrial giants."

Raj Patel:
"Let’s talk about water security. Water scarcity is already affecting billions of people, and climate change is making it worse. How do we ensure that everyone has access to clean water?"

Peter Diamandis:
"Desalination and water recycling will be game-changers. We have vast amounts of water on this planet, but much of it is undrinkable. Advances in desalination technology are making it more efficient and affordable, meaning coastal cities could have an unlimited supply of fresh water. At the same time, we need to invest in water recycling systems—turning wastewater into clean drinking water through advanced filtration. Cities like Singapore are already leading the way, but this needs to be a global effort."

Ertharin Cousin:
"And again, access is key. Many communities suffer from water shortages not because there isn’t enough water, but because they lack the infrastructure to distribute it properly. Governments and organizations need to invest in better water management, ensuring that water reaches those who need it most. We also need policies that prevent the privatization of water resources, ensuring that water remains a basic human right, not just a commodity."

Will Harris:
"And we can’t talk about water security without addressing agriculture, because industrial farming is one of the biggest consumers of fresh water. If we switch to regenerative practices—using cover crops, rotational grazing, and agroforestry—we can dramatically reduce water waste. Right now, massive amounts of water are used to grow feed for livestock in factory farms, rather than for direct human consumption. If we restructured how we produce food, we’d also solve many of our water problems."

Marion Nestle:
"Water scarcity is also driven by climate change. Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are making droughts more frequent. If we don’t act to reduce carbon emissions, we will see worsening water crises. This is why food and water security cannot be separated from environmental policy. If we allow climate change to continue unchecked, no amount of technological innovation will be enough."

Raj Patel:
"Let’s talk solutions. What does a sustainable, equitable food and water system look like in 100 years?"

Ertharin Cousin:
"It’s a world where no one goes hungry because food is treated as a basic human right. Localized food systems thrive, reducing reliance on fragile global supply chains. Governments and businesses work together to ensure food reaches those who need it, rather than allowing market forces to dictate access. Hunger is not a question of scarcity—it is a question of justice, and in the future, we must get that right."

Peter Diamandis:
"A world where food production is sustainable, automated, and resilient. Vertical farms in cities, lab-grown meat replacing factory farming, and AI-driven agriculture optimizing every drop of water and every inch of land. No more deforestation for farming, no more chemical-laden crops, and no more waste. Technology will allow us to produce more food than ever, with a fraction of the resources we use today."

Will Harris:
"A return to balance with nature. Industrial farming is replaced by regenerative systems that restore soil, increase biodiversity, and naturally retain water. Farmers are not just food producers, but land stewards who help heal the planet. Food is grown in a way that nourishes people, communities, and ecosystems, rather than just maximizing short-term profits."

Marion Nestle:
"A world where food is real food. Where governments and institutions protect public health rather than corporate interests. Where ultra-processed junk food is no longer the default, and people have access to fresh, nutrient-rich meals. A world where education about food and health is a priority, so that future generations grow up understanding how to nourish themselves and the planet."

Raj Patel:
"The next 100 years could either see food and water crises spiral out of control, or we could enter an era of abundance where hunger and water scarcity are relics of the past. The solutions exist—the only question is whether we have the wisdom and political will to implement them. Will we build a world where everyone has access to nutritious food and clean water, or will we allow inequality, greed, a

Final Thoughts: The Biggest Aha Moments

After exploring the ten most critical areas that will shape the next 100 years, one thing is clear—humanity’s future is not a matter of fate; it is a matter of choice. The conversations we’ve had were not just theoretical—they were blueprints for transformation. And within these discussions, some powerful realizations emerged.

1. The Future Must Be Designed, Not Left to Chance

One of the biggest aha moments was realizing that the best 100 years of humanity won’t happen automatically. Progress isn’t guaranteed. If we want a sustainable planet, an advanced economy, a just society, and an enlightened civilization, we must actively build it. Every breakthrough—from renewable energy to AI ethics, from space exploration to economic justice—requires intentional effort and visionary leadership.

2. Every Global Issue Is Interconnected

We came in thinking we were discussing ten separate topics, but what we found was a web of interconnected challenges. AI and automation directly impact education and the economy. Climate change affects food and water security. Governance shapes how we manage space exploration and global cooperation. The biggest problems of the 21st century cannot be solved in isolation. Every decision in one area influences another, which means we need integrated, holistic solutions.

3. Intelligence Alone Won’t Save Us—Wisdom Will

We have the smartest minds in history working on AI, space travel, biotechnology, and quantum computing. Yet, technology alone won’t determine our fate—our wisdom in applying it will. We could use AI to create a utopia or to reinforce inequality. We could use longevity science to extend health for all or to create an elite class of the privileged. The challenge is not just building new tools, but ensuring they serve humanity rather than control it.

4. The Economy Must Serve Humanity—Not the Other Way Around

For too long, we’ve accepted an economy that works for a few at the expense of many. But the biggest insight from our discussion on economic transformation was this: The economy is not a force of nature—it is a system we created, which means we can redesign it. If we shift our focus from infinite growth and wealth concentration to sustainability, universal access, and well-being, we can create an economic model that benefits all of humanity, not just shareholders.

5. The Mind Is the Next Great Frontier

We talk about exploring space, but perhaps the most uncharted territory is within us—consciousness itself. The discussion on human potential showed us that we may only be scratching the surface of what our minds are capable of. The next 100 years could be the age of inner exploration, where meditation, neuroscience, and advanced technologies unlock new dimensions of awareness, intelligence, and emotional mastery.

6. The Biggest Threats to Humanity Are Also the Greatest Opportunities

Climate change, inequality, artificial intelligence risks—these are not just existential threats; they are catalysts for transformation. Every crisis is an opportunity to evolve. If we confront these challenges with innovation, courage, and global cooperation, they will push us toward a more advanced and united civilization. The choice is ours: We can let these forces break us, or we can use them to build something extraordinary.

7. The Next Leap in Evolution Is Cultural, Not Just Technological

We often assume evolution is about physical or technological advancement. But what if the real evolution of the next 100 years is cultural? Imagine a world where empathy, collaboration, and emotional intelligence are as valued as scientific breakthroughs. A world where competition gives way to cooperation, where division is replaced by unity, where wisdom is pursued alongside knowledge. That is the next great leap—not just evolving our tools, but evolving ourselves.

The Final Question: Will We Rise to the Challenge?

This discussion has revealed that the future is neither utopia nor dystopia—it is a choice. The greatest minds of our time have outlined the possibilities. The solutions exist. The knowledge is there.

The only question that remains is: Will we act?

The best 100 years of humanity are within reach. But they will only happen if we rise to meet this moment with the vision, courage, and wisdom it demands.

The future is calling. Will we answer?

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