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Jensen Huang:
Good afternoon, everyone. It’s an honor to welcome you to this exciting imaginary conversation about the transformative power of artificial intelligence. Over the past decade, AI has gone from an ambitious vision to a foundational technology reshaping nearly every facet of our lives. From revolutionizing industries to reimagining creativity, AI is redefining what’s possible.
Today, we’re diving deep into six key areas where AI and advanced technologies are having the most profound impact:
- Artificial Intelligence – The evolution of AI and its ability to enhance how we think, work, and solve problems.
- Technology and Society – How innovations like digital twins and AI assistants are reshaping our human experience.
- Robotics – A new era of machines collaborating with humans to tackle challenges we once thought insurmountable.
- Autonomous Vehicles – A future where transportation is safer, smarter, and more sustainable.
- Sustainability and AI – Harnessing AI to address climate change, resource scarcity, and environmental challenges.
- Education and Learning – Creating personalized, equitable, and lifelong learning opportunities for all.
In each of these areas, AI is not just a tool—it’s a partner in innovation, amplifying our abilities and accelerating solutions to some of the world’s greatest challenges.
But with great power comes great responsibility. As we integrate AI deeper into our society, we must ensure that these technologies are equitable, ethical, and serve the common good. This is a collective effort, one that requires collaboration between innovators, educators, policymakers, and the public.
To help us explore these critical topics, we have assembled some of the brightest minds and boldest visionaries. They are pushing boundaries, addressing tough questions, and creating the systems that will define our future.
So, let’s begin our journey into the fascinating world of AI and its limitless potential. Together, we’ll discover how these technologies are shaping the future of our industries, cities, and lives—and what we can do to ensure that future benefits everyone.
Thank you for being here, and let’s dive right in.

The Evolution and Impact of AI on Society
Jensen Huang:
Welcome, everyone. Today, we’re diving into one of the most profound technological revolutions of our time: artificial intelligence. Joining me are some of the brightest minds shaping AI’s future: Andrew Ng, Fei-Fei Li, Demis Hassabis, Timnit Gebru, and Yoshua Bengio. Let’s get started. Andrew, let me begin with you. In your view, what has been AI’s most significant impact on society so far?
Andrew Ng:
Thanks, Jensen. I’d say AI’s democratization of education is one of its greatest achievements. With platforms powered by AI, we’ve brought personalized learning experiences to millions, breaking barriers of geography and income. But to me, the next big challenge is ensuring equitable access to these tools globally.
Jensen Huang:
That’s an inspiring start, Andrew. Fei-Fei, you’ve worked extensively on AI in healthcare. How do you see AI transforming that space?
Fei-Fei Li:
AI has revolutionized healthcare by making diagnostics faster and more accurate, particularly in areas like medical imaging. For example, AI can now detect diseases earlier than many doctors. But there’s a flip side: we need to ensure that these systems are unbiased and that underserved communities benefit equally.
Jensen Huang:
Speaking of bias, Timnit, you’ve been a strong advocate for ethical AI. Where do you think we stand in balancing innovation with fairness?
Timnit Gebru:
We’ve made strides, but there’s still a long way to go. Bias in AI systems is not just a technical problem—it’s a societal issue. The datasets we use often reflect historical inequalities. If we’re not careful, we risk reinforcing these biases on a massive scale. Transparency and accountability in AI development are non-negotiable.
Jensen Huang:
Important points, Timnit. Demis, you’ve worked on some of the most advanced AI systems at DeepMind. What excites you about AI’s potential?
Demis Hassabis:
What excites me most is AI’s ability to tackle problems beyond human capability. For example, AI can model complex systems in biology to accelerate drug discovery. But as we push boundaries, we must prioritize alignment—ensuring that AI systems remain aligned with human values as they become more autonomous.
Jensen Huang:
Yoshua, as one of the pioneers of deep learning, how do you see AI evolving in the next decade?
Yoshua Bengio:
The future lies in collaborative AI—models that work across disciplines and regions. For this, we need open AI research and decentralized innovation to avoid concentrating power. We also need to invest in systems that go beyond mere functionality, incorporating ethical reasoning and social responsibility.
Jensen Huang:
Collaboration and ethics are recurring themes. Let’s pivot to a broader question: What’s the next frontier for AI that you’re most excited about?
Andrew Ng:
For me, it’s climate action. AI has the potential to optimize energy consumption on a global scale, predict natural disasters, and even redesign urban infrastructure to reduce emissions.
Fei-Fei Li:
I’d say AI’s role in augmenting human creativity. From helping artists create new forms of expression to assisting scientists in making groundbreaking discoveries, AI can expand our horizons without replacing human ingenuity.
Demis Hassabis:
Physical AI excites me the most. Models like NVIDIA’s Cosmos, which understand the physical world, could revolutionize robotics, eldercare, and even space exploration.
Timnit Gebru:
I’m hopeful about AI fostering global cooperation. Imagine AI systems helping to solve shared challenges like poverty and disease. But we need to address access disparities before this becomes a reality.
Yoshua Bengio:
I’m focused on making AI systems more explainable and less opaque. As AI becomes more integrated into society, we need models that humans can understand and trust.
Jensen Huang:
Thank you all for your insightful contributions. This discussion underscores that while AI holds incredible promise, it also demands responsibility, collaboration, and ethical stewardship. Together, we can ensure AI serves as a force for good in society.
The Human-Centric Integration of AI and Robotics
Jensen Huang:
Thank you all for joining this important discussion. Today, we’re focusing on how technology, especially AI and robotics, is reshaping society and our daily lives. I’m joined by Shoshana Zuboff, Jaron Lanier, Kevin Kelly, Mariana Mazzucato, and Cory Doctorow. Let’s start with a foundational question: How can we ensure that technology enhances human autonomy rather than eroding it? Shoshana, let’s hear your perspective.
Shoshana Zuboff:
Thanks, Jensen. The key lies in transparency and accountability. Too often, AI systems operate as “black boxes,” making decisions that directly impact our lives without our understanding or consent. To preserve human autonomy, we need regulations that prioritize individual rights over corporate profits.
Jensen Huang:
Regulation is crucial, but we also need innovative approaches. Jaron, you’ve spoken extensively about the human-technology relationship. What’s your take?
Jaron Lanier:
I agree with Shoshana, but I’d add that design plays a big role. AI should be designed as a tool for empowerment, not manipulation. For example, personal AI assistants could adapt to our goals and values, acting as collaborators rather than controllers.
Jensen Huang:
That’s a fascinating vision. Kevin, what are your thoughts on balancing innovation with preserving humanity’s role in decision-making?
Kevin Kelly:
I think we need to embrace a mindset where humans and AI co-evolve. AI can handle complexity and scale, but it’s humans who provide creativity and context. The challenge is building systems that enhance, rather than replace, human decision-making.
Jensen Huang:
Mariana, as an economist, how do you see AI and robotics impacting global labor markets?
Mariana Mazzucato:
AI and robotics have the potential to displace jobs, but they can also create new ones if guided by thoughtful policies. Governments and industries must work together to invest in reskilling workers and ensuring the benefits of automation are widely distributed.
Jensen Huang:
Cory, you’ve been critical of how technology is often implemented. What’s your perspective on AI’s societal integration?
Cory Doctorow:
The problem is that too much power is concentrated in the hands of a few tech giants. If we want AI to truly benefit society, we need open-source solutions and decentralized innovation. Without these, we risk exacerbating existing inequalities.
Jensen Huang:
Let’s shift to a practical aspect of technology integration: Digital twins. These virtual replicas of physical systems are revolutionizing industries. Kevin, what excites you most about digital twins?
Kevin Kelly:
Digital twins are transformational. They allow us to model and optimize everything from cities to individual manufacturing plants. They bring incredible efficiency, but we must ensure they’re used responsibly, especially in sectors like urban planning and healthcare.
Jensen Huang:
Mariana, how can digital twins contribute to public good rather than just private profits?
Mariana Mazzucato:
By applying them to critical areas like public infrastructure, energy grids, and healthcare systems. However, this requires governments to take an active role in shaping their use, rather than leaving it solely to market forces.
Jensen Huang:
Cory, you’ve been vocal about privacy concerns. What risks do you see with digital twins?
Cory Doctorow:
The main risk is surveillance. Digital twins can provide unprecedented insights, but if used unethically, they could enable invasive monitoring of individuals and communities. Transparency and strict data regulations are essential.
Jensen Huang:
Let’s broaden the scope. AI is also causing a societal shift in how we interact with technology. Shoshana, how do you see this playing out?
Shoshana Zuboff:
AI is redefining relationships—between individuals, governments, and corporations. It’s creating systems of behavioral prediction and control. If left unchecked, this could lead to what I call “surveillance capitalism,” where personal data becomes the ultimate commodity.
Jensen Huang:
Jaron, how do we design systems that respect human dignity while leveraging AI’s capabilities?
Jaron Lanier:
We need to prioritize user sovereignty. This means creating systems where individuals own and control their data. If we treat people as partners rather than resources, we can build a future where technology uplifts rather than exploits.
Jensen Huang:
Thank you all for these enlightening perspectives. Today’s conversation underscores that as we advance technologically, we must remain steadfast in preserving humanity’s values and autonomy. The integration of AI and robotics into society should be a force for good, guided by ethics, equity, and collaboration.
The Robotics Era and Human Collaboration
Jensen Huang:
Welcome, everyone, to our discussion on robotics and how this transformative field is reshaping human collaboration and industry. Today, we’re joined by five visionaries in robotics: Daniela Rus, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Marc Raibert, Rodney Brooks, and Kate Darling. Let’s start with a broad question: What excites you most about the current state of robotics? Daniela, why don’t you begin?
Daniela Rus:
Thank you, Jensen. What excites me most is how robotics is becoming more adaptive. We’re moving beyond robots confined to specific tasks toward systems that can collaborate with humans in dynamic environments, such as hospitals or disaster zones.
Jensen Huang:
Hiroshi, you’ve focused on making robots more human-like. What’s the significance of this approach?
Hiroshi Ishiguro:
Human-like robots are essential for seamless integration into our daily lives. If robots can interact naturally with us, they can serve as companions, caregivers, and even collaborators in ways that feel intuitive. But designing them requires a deep understanding of both engineering and human psychology.
Jensen Huang:
Marc, Boston Dynamics has led the charge in creating robots with incredible physical capabilities. What challenges do you see in scaling robotics for broader use?
Marc Raibert:
The biggest challenge is creating robots that can handle unpredictability. While our robots excel in controlled environments, scaling them for messy, real-world applications—like navigating chaotic warehouses or city streets—is an ongoing frontier.
Jensen Huang:
Rodney, you’ve long been a pioneer in practical robotics. Where do you see robotics making the biggest impact in the next decade?
Rodney Brooks:
I believe robotics will revolutionize manufacturing and logistics, making processes more efficient while reducing waste. However, it’s also critical to address how automation will affect the global workforce, particularly in developing regions.
Jensen Huang:
Kate, your research focuses on the ethical dimensions of robotics. What concerns you most as robots become more integrated into society?
Kate Darling:
One of my biggest concerns is how we treat robots—and by extension, how they affect our relationships with each other. For instance, if we’re cruel to robots, could that desensitize us to cruelty in general? These are questions we must address as robots become more human-like.
Jensen Huang:
Let’s talk about the human-robot relationship. Hiroshi, do you believe robots should replicate human emotions?
Hiroshi Ishiguro:
Robots don’t need emotions, but they should simulate them convincingly. This is important for building trust and rapport with humans. For example, a caregiving robot doesn’t need to feel empathy, but it must express it in a way that comforts the user.
Jensen Huang:
Marc, how can robots effectively collaborate with humans in complex environments?
Marc Raibert:
Collaboration requires robots to perceive, predict, and adapt to human behavior. This means integrating advanced AI models, like NVIDIA’s Cosmos, that understand the physical world and human dynamics.
Jensen Huang:
Rodney, as robots become more autonomous, how do we ensure they make ethical decisions?
Rodney Brooks:
Ethical decision-making in robots starts with the humans designing them. We need robust frameworks for programming ethical constraints, and these must be revisited as robots are exposed to new situations.
Jensen Huang:
Shifting gears, let’s explore the economic implications. Daniela, how do we balance robotics-driven efficiency with the potential for job displacement?
Daniela Rus:
The key is to view robots as tools that augment human capabilities rather than replace them. For example, in manufacturing, robots can handle repetitive tasks, allowing humans to focus on more creative and complex roles.
Jensen Huang:
Kate, do you think society is ready for widespread adoption of humanoid robots?
Kate Darling:
Not entirely. While the technology is advancing, societal acceptance depends on trust. We need clear guidelines on how robots interact with us, ensuring their integration aligns with human values.
Jensen Huang:
Hiroshi, how do cultural differences influence how societies adopt robotics?
Hiroshi Ishiguro:
Cultural attitudes toward robots vary greatly. For instance, in Japan, people tend to view robots as companions, while in the West, there’s more skepticism. Designing robots that align with cultural norms is critical for their acceptance.
Jensen Huang:
Finally, let’s look ahead. What is your vision for the future of robotics?
Marc Raibert:
I envision a world where robots handle dangerous and tedious tasks, from firefighting to space exploration, allowing humans to focus on what we do best—creativity and connection.
Daniela Rus:
I see robots transforming industries like healthcare, where they’ll assist with surgeries, elderly care, and rehabilitation, making services more accessible to everyone.
Rodney Brooks:
In the future, I hope robotics will close the gap between developed and developing nations by creating affordable automation solutions tailored to local needs.
Kate Darling:
My vision is for robots to enhance human relationships rather than replace them. They should serve as tools for connection, creativity, and care.
Hiroshi Ishiguro:
I dream of robots that are indistinguishable from humans—not just in appearance but in their ability to enrich our lives emotionally and socially.
Jensen Huang:
Thank you all for your visionary insights. Today’s conversation highlights the incredible potential of robotics to transform our world. But with this potential comes responsibility—to design systems that enhance humanity while respecting ethical boundaries. Let’s work together to shape a future where humans and robots thrive side by side.
The Future of Transportation and AV Technology
Jensen Huang:
Welcome, everyone, to today’s discussion on autonomous vehicles, a field that’s transforming how we think about transportation and urban living. Joining me are experts and innovators shaping this industry: Chris Urmson, Amnon Shashua, Raquel Urtasun, Bryan Salesky, and Elon Musk. Let’s start with a foundational question: How close are we to full adoption of autonomous vehicles? Chris, let’s begin with you.
Chris Urmson:
Thanks, Jensen. I’d say we’re getting closer every year. The technology is ready for many controlled environments, such as highways and specific urban areas. However, achieving full adoption depends on regulatory frameworks and public trust, which will take time to build.
Jensen Huang:
Public trust is key. Amnon, what role does safety play in accelerating this adoption?
Amnon Shashua:
Safety is everything. Autonomous vehicles must demonstrate that they’re significantly safer than human drivers. This includes not only reducing accidents but also handling complex ethical decisions in unavoidable scenarios.
Jensen Huang:
Raquel, from a technical perspective, what challenges still need to be addressed?
Raquel Urtasun:
The main challenge is scaling AV systems to handle the unpredictability of real-world driving. This includes dynamic environments, extreme weather, and unstructured roads. Advances in simulation, like NVIDIA’s Omniverse, are helping us test these scenarios at scale, but there’s more work to do.
Jensen Huang:
Bryan, let’s talk about cybersecurity. How do we protect autonomous vehicles from being hacked?
Bryan Salesky:
Great question. AVs are essentially connected computers on wheels, making them potential targets. Security needs to be built into every layer, from the hardware to the cloud. Collaboration across the industry is crucial to set standards and share best practices.
Jensen Huang:
Elon, you’ve been a vocal advocate for AV technology. What excites you most about the potential impact of autonomous vehicles?
Elon Musk:
Autonomous vehicles will fundamentally change society. They’ll reduce traffic fatalities, eliminate tedious commutes, and allow us to redesign cities around people rather than cars. I’m particularly excited about how AVs can make transportation more accessible to everyone.
Jensen Huang:
Let’s explore that societal shift. Chris, do you think AVs will make traditional driver education obsolete?
Chris Urmson:
Eventually, yes. Once AVs become the norm, the skill of driving will become as niche as horseback riding. That said, we’re still years away from fully removing the need for human drivers in all scenarios.
Jensen Huang:
Amnon, let’s touch on the ethical dimension. Should there be global standards for how AVs make life-and-death decisions?
Amnon Shashua:
Absolutely. Ethical decision-making in AVs needs to be standardized across manufacturers and regions. This requires collaboration between technologists, ethicists, and policymakers to create clear guidelines that prioritize safety and fairness.
Jensen Huang:
Raquel, how do you see AVs redefining urban transportation?
Raquel Urtasun:
AVs will lead to smarter cities. They’ll optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enable more efficient public transportation systems. For instance, shared AV fleets could replace private car ownership in urban areas, freeing up space for parks and pedestrian zones.
Jensen Huang:
Bryan, what about reducing urban sprawl? Could AVs make remote living more viable?
Bryan Salesky:
Definitely. AVs could revolutionize where people choose to live. Long commutes would no longer be a burden if AVs handle them autonomously, allowing people to live farther from city centers while staying connected.
Jensen Huang:
Let’s look to the future. What’s the next major milestone for AV technology? Elon, let’s start with you.
Elon Musk:
The next big milestone is achieving Level 5 autonomy, where cars can handle any situation without human intervention. We’re close, but the final 1% of edge cases is always the hardest.
Chris Urmson:
I’d add that regulatory approval is a critical milestone. Even with perfect technology, we need governments to greenlight widespread deployment.
Raquel Urtasun:
I agree. Another milestone is scaling AV fleets for diverse use cases—like delivery vehicles, ride-sharing, and even autonomous buses.
Amnon Shashua:
One area I’m excited about is integrating AVs with AI systems that understand citywide dynamics. This would create a real-time transportation network that adapts to demand and conditions.
Bryan Salesky:
Finally, affordability is key. For AVs to be truly transformative, we need to make the technology accessible to more than just high-income consumers.
Jensen Huang:
Thank you all for your insights. Today’s discussion highlights the incredible potential of autonomous vehicles to transform our cities, economies, and lives. As we move forward, let’s ensure that this technology serves everyone equitably and ethically.
Using AI to Solve Environmental and Resource Challenges
Jensen Huang:
Welcome, everyone, to this critical conversation on how artificial intelligence can help tackle some of the world’s most pressing environmental and resource challenges. I’m joined by experts who are driving innovation in sustainability: Kate Brandt, Jeremy Rifkin, Hannah Fry, Ramez Naam, and Joi Ito. Let’s begin with a broad question: How can AI contribute to addressing climate change? Kate, let’s start with you.
Kate Brandt:
Thank you, Jensen. AI has enormous potential to optimize energy systems and reduce carbon emissions. For example, AI-powered tools can monitor and manage energy grids in real time, ensuring efficiency and minimizing waste. This is especially important as we transition to renewable energy sources like wind and solar.
Jensen Huang:
Jeremy, your work focuses on large-scale economic transformations. How do you see AI fitting into global sustainability efforts?
Jeremy Rifkin:
AI is crucial for creating what I call the "Third Industrial Revolution." It can help us build smart, interconnected systems for energy, transportation, and communication. By integrating AI into these systems, we can reduce resource consumption and build a more sustainable economy.
Jensen Huang:
Hannah, let’s talk about data. How does AI’s ability to analyze large datasets enhance sustainability efforts?
Hannah Fry:
AI’s power lies in its ability to find patterns and insights in massive datasets. This is incredibly valuable for predicting and mitigating environmental disasters, such as floods or wildfires. AI can also help optimize agriculture by analyzing soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop health.
Jensen Huang:
Ramez, you’ve worked on clean energy solutions. How do you see AI advancing renewable energy adoption?
Ramez Naam:
AI can optimize renewable energy production and storage. For instance, it can predict energy demand and supply, allowing grid operators to balance renewable sources like solar and wind more effectively. It also plays a role in developing new materials for more efficient solar panels and batteries.
Jensen Huang:
Joi, you’ve spoken about the ethical implications of technology. How do we ensure AI-driven sustainability solutions are equitable?
Joi Ito:
Equity starts with inclusion. AI systems must consider the needs of marginalized communities, who are often most affected by climate change. We also need open-source tools and transparent decision-making to ensure these technologies benefit everyone, not just the wealthy or powerful.
Jensen Huang:
Let’s pivot to some specific applications. Kate, how can AI help optimize global food production to reduce hunger?
Kate Brandt:
AI can analyze soil health, predict weather changes, and recommend planting schedules tailored to specific regions. By optimizing these factors, we can increase crop yields and reduce waste in the supply chain.
Jensen Huang:
Jeremy, are there any large-scale projects where AI is already making a measurable impact?
Jeremy Rifkin:
One example is AI-powered urban planning. Cities like Copenhagen are using AI to reduce traffic congestion, improve public transportation, and design more energy-efficient buildings. These initiatives show how AI can drive systemic change at scale.
Jensen Huang:
Hannah, there’s often concern about the environmental cost of training large AI models. How do we address this paradox?
Hannah Fry:
It’s true that training AI models requires significant energy. However, we can mitigate this by using energy-efficient hardware and renewable energy sources for AI infrastructure. Additionally, we should prioritize models that have clear, sustainable applications to offset their initial carbon footprint.
Jensen Huang:
Ramez, what about AI’s role in resource management, like water or energy conservation?
Ramez Naam:
AI can monitor water usage in agriculture and industry, identifying inefficiencies and suggesting improvements. Similarly, it can optimize energy consumption in buildings, ensuring resources are used where they’re needed most.
Jensen Huang:
Looking forward, what’s your vision for the future of AI and sustainability? Joi, let’s start with you.
Joi Ito:
I envision a future where AI systems are designed with sustainability at their core, focusing on regeneration rather than exploitation. These systems should prioritize the health of the planet and the well-being of all its inhabitants.
Kate Brandt:
My vision is AI-powered cities and industries that produce zero waste, using circular economy principles to reuse resources indefinitely.
Jeremy Rifkin:
I see AI enabling a completely renewable energy grid that’s global, decentralized, and equitable. This would fundamentally transform how we produce and consume energy.
Hannah Fry:
For me, the future lies in precision sustainability—using AI to tailor solutions to specific problems, whether it’s conserving water in one region or protecting biodiversity in another.
Ramez Naam:
I imagine AI helping humanity achieve balance with nature, creating systems that not only reduce harm but actively restore ecosystems.
Jensen Huang:
Thank you all for your visionary insights. Today’s discussion underscores the critical role AI can play in creating a sustainable future. It’s clear that with the right collaboration and ethical frameworks, we can harness AI to address some of humanity’s greatest challenges.
AI-Powered Personalized Learning and the Future of Education
Jensen Huang:
Welcome, everyone, to this important discussion on how artificial intelligence is transforming education and learning. Joining me today are leaders and visionaries in the field of education and technology: Sal Khan, Sugata Mitra, Ken Robinson, Linda Darling-Hammond, and Mitchel Resnick. Let’s start with the big question: How do you see AI reshaping education in the next decade? Sal, let’s begin with you.
Sal Khan:
Thanks, Jensen. AI is already personalizing education in ways we couldn’t imagine a decade ago. Platforms like Khan Academy use AI to tailor lessons to each student’s unique needs and pace. In the next decade, I see AI creating a highly individualized learning experience for every student, bridging gaps in education worldwide.
Jensen Huang:
Sugata, you’ve explored how technology can make learning more self-driven. How does AI enhance this?
Sugata Mitra:
AI can empower students to take control of their own learning. For example, tools like virtual tutors can guide students as they explore complex topics, offering support only when needed. This approach aligns perfectly with the self-organized learning environments I’ve studied, where curiosity drives education.
Jensen Huang:
Ken, you’ve championed creativity in education. How do you see AI complementing that?
Ken Robinson:
AI can be a catalyst for creativity if used correctly. Imagine students collaborating with AI to create art, music, or even solve global challenges. However, it’s critical that we don’t let AI systems stifle creativity by over-standardizing learning. Instead, AI should act as a tool that inspires and amplifies human imagination.
Jensen Huang:
Linda, equity is a major concern in education. Can AI help address disparities in access?
Linda Darling-Hammond:
Absolutely. AI can bring quality education to underserved communities by providing low-cost, scalable solutions. However, to truly address disparities, we must also ensure equitable access to the infrastructure needed for AI, like devices and reliable internet.
Jensen Huang:
Mitchel, you’ve worked extensively on tools that encourage learning through play. How can AI enhance this approach?
Mitchel Resnick:
AI can make learning through play even more engaging by adapting activities to a child’s interests and abilities. For example, AI-powered tools can create dynamic, interactive environments where students experiment, fail, and learn in a safe space. This fosters a love for lifelong learning.
Jensen Huang:
Let’s move to a practical concern: How can AI help redefine traditional education systems? Linda, what’s your take?
Linda Darling-Hammond:
AI can help shift education from a one-size-fits-all model to one that values personalized learning. For example, instead of standardized testing, AI could assess students’ skills in real time through their performance on adaptive tasks, providing immediate feedback to both students and teachers.
Jensen Huang:
Sal, will AI reduce the need for traditional memorization in education?
Sal Khan:
Definitely. AI allows students to focus more on critical thinking and problem-solving, as it can handle the rote memorization tasks. For example, students can access facts and data instantly, freeing up cognitive resources for deeper learning.
Jensen Huang:
Sugata, how do you see AI fostering global literacy?
Sugata Mitra:
AI can revolutionize literacy by creating multilingual virtual tutors that adapt to any language or dialect. These systems could teach reading and writing to millions of children in remote areas who currently lack access to teachers.
Jensen Huang:
Mitchel, how can AI encourage creativity in education?
Mitchel Resnick:
By acting as a collaborator. Imagine an AI that co-creates a story with a student, offering suggestions and helping them refine their ideas. This kind of interaction not only sparks creativity but also builds confidence.
Jensen Huang:
Ken, do you see any risks in AI’s role in education?
Ken Robinson:
One risk is over-reliance. If we treat AI as the sole educator, we lose the human connection that’s vital to learning. Teachers aren’t just instructors—they’re mentors, role models, and guides. AI must augment, not replace, the human element in education.
Jensen Huang:
Looking ahead, what’s your vision for AI-powered education? Sugata, let’s start with you.
Sugata Mitra:
I envision a future where AI empowers students to become lifelong learners, driven by curiosity and exploration rather than rigid curricula.
Sal Khan:
My vision is for AI to make world-class education a fundamental human right, accessible to every child on the planet.
Ken Robinson:
I hope AI helps create a system that values creativity and individuality, enabling every student to reach their full potential.
Linda Darling-Hammond:
I see AI fostering equity in education by bringing personalized learning to all, regardless of socioeconomic background.
Mitchel Resnick:
My vision is for AI to inspire students to become creators rather than consumers, using technology to build a better world.
Jensen Huang:
Thank you all for your visionary insights. This conversation shows how AI has the potential to transform education, making it more inclusive, creative, and impactful. Let’s ensure that as we advance these technologies, we keep humanity at the heart of learning.
Short Bios:
Jensen Huang
Founder and CEO of NVIDIA, Jensen Huang is a visionary leader who has driven NVIDIA’s transformation into a global leader in AI computing, robotics, and graphics technology. Known for his dynamic presentations, he is a pioneer in GPU computing and a key figure in the advancement of AI.
Andrew Ng
Co-founder of Google Brain and Coursera, Andrew Ng is one of the world’s leading AI experts. He focuses on democratizing AI through education and making AI tools accessible to businesses and underserved communities globally.
Fei-Fei Li
Co-director of the Stanford Human-Centered AI Institute, Fei-Fei Li is a renowned AI researcher specializing in computer vision and AI’s ethical development. Her groundbreaking work has influenced healthcare, education, and robotics.
Demis Hassabis
Co-founder and CEO of DeepMind, Demis Hassabis is a key figure in advancing general AI systems. Known for achievements like AlphaGo, he is focused on using AI to solve complex scientific challenges.
Timnit Gebru
A leading voice in ethical AI, Timnit Gebru is the founder of the Distributed AI Research Institute (DAIR). She specializes in algorithmic bias and advocating for transparency and inclusivity in AI systems.
Yoshua Bengio
A pioneer in deep learning, Yoshua Bengio is a Turing Award winner and professor at the University of Montreal. He advocates for ethical AI and leads research into advancing machine learning models.
Shoshana Zuboff
Author of The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, Shoshana Zuboff is a social scientist focused on the intersection of technology, privacy, and societal power dynamics.
Jaron Lanier
A pioneer in virtual reality and tech philosopher, Jaron Lanier critiques the impact of technology on society and advocates for human-centered AI development.
Kevin Kelly
Co-founder of Wired magazine, Kevin Kelly explores the cultural and societal impacts of technology, focusing on how humans and machines can co-evolve positively.
Mariana Mazzucato
A leading economist and author, Mariana Mazzucato is known for her work on innovation and the role of public policy in shaping equitable, sustainable technological progress.
Cory Doctorow
Author and activist, Cory Doctorow writes extensively about digital rights, privacy, and the ethical implications of technology in modern society.
Daniela Rus
Director of MIT’s CSAIL, Daniela Rus is a robotics and AI expert focused on developing systems that enhance human-robot collaboration and adaptive intelligence.
Hiroshi Ishiguro
A professor at Osaka University, Hiroshi Ishiguro is famous for creating ultra-realistic humanoid robots and exploring the boundary between humans and machines.
Marc Raibert
Founder of Boston Dynamics, Marc Raibert is a leader in developing advanced robotic systems that combine physical agility with AI capabilities.
Rodney Brooks
Co-founder of iRobot and robotics pioneer, Rodney Brooks focuses on creating practical robots for industry and everyday use, driving innovation in autonomous systems.
Kate Darling
A researcher at MIT Media Lab, Kate Darling examines the ethical implications of robotics and human-robot interactions, especially in social and emotional contexts.
Chris Urmson
Co-founder and CEO of Aurora, Chris Urmson is a pioneer in self-driving technology, helping advance the future of autonomous transportation.
Amnon Shashua
Founder of Mobileye and a leader in AI-driven automotive technology, Amnon Shashua focuses on creating safer and smarter autonomous vehicles.
Raquel Urtasun
Founder of Waabi and professor at the University of Toronto, Raquel Urtasun is a leading researcher in AI for autonomous vehicles and scalable AV systems.
Bryan Salesky
Co-founder of Argo AI, Bryan Salesky is an expert in self-driving car systems, focused on bringing safe and reliable autonomous vehicles to the mainstream market.
Elon Musk
CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, Elon Musk is a visionary entrepreneur advancing the development of autonomous vehicles and AI-powered transportation solutions.
Kate Brandt
Chief Sustainability Officer at Google, Kate Brandt works on integrating AI into sustainable practices, focusing on energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact.
Jeremy Rifkin
Economist and author, Jeremy Rifkin is a thought leader on global economic transformations, advocating for renewable energy and sustainable technologies.
Hannah Fry
A mathematician, Hannah Fry explores how AI and data-driven systems can address challenges in sustainability, urban planning, and disaster management.
Ramez Naam
An expert in clean energy and innovation, Ramez Naam works on AI-driven solutions for renewable energy adoption and efficient resource management.
Joi Ito
Former director of MIT Media Lab, Joi Ito focuses on the ethical implications of technology and how AI can be leveraged for global good.
Sal Khan
Founder of Khan Academy, Sal Khan is a pioneer in online education, leveraging AI to create personalized learning tools for students worldwide.
Sugata Mitra
Educational researcher and TED Prize winner, Sugata Mitra is known for his “Hole in the Wall” experiment, exploring self-driven, AI-supported learning.
Ken Robinson
A thought leader in education, Ken Robinson advocated for creativity and innovation in learning, emphasizing the importance of individuality in education.
Linda Darling-Hammond
President of the Learning Policy Institute, Linda Darling-Hammond focuses on equity in education, promoting AI tools to bridge learning gaps.
Mitchel Resnick
Director of MIT’s Lifelong Kindergarten group, Mitchel Resnick creates tools that encourage creative learning through play, supported by AI technologies.
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