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Ladies and gentlemen, today we gather not just to discuss a war, but to shape the future of peace. The Ukraine-Russia conflict has shaken the world, testing the limits of diplomacy, security, and human resilience. Yet, as history has shown us, even the deepest wounds can heal, and even the most entrenched conflicts can be resolved when leaders choose dialogue over division, wisdom over warfare, and reconciliation over revenge.
This war has caused immense suffering—families displaced, cities destroyed, and global stability threatened. But behind every statistic, there is a human story. The people of Ukraine do not want endless war. The people of Russia do not want isolation. The world does not want escalation. What we seek is a path forward—one that ensures security, justice, and long-term stability for all involved. This is not about winners and losers; it is about whether we choose a future shaped by diplomacy or destruction.
To navigate this critical conversation, we are joined by global leaders whose voices and decisions will define the path ahead. President Donald Trump, who has long emphasized the power of negotiation and strategic deal-making. President Vladimir Putin, whose leadership and security concerns are central to the dynamics of this war. President Volodymyr Zelensky, who stands as a symbol of Ukrainian resilience and sovereignty. Steven Eugene Kuhn, who brings a humanitarian perspective, ensuring that we do not lose sight of the real human cost of war. And throughout this discussion, we will explore not just the immediate steps needed for ceasefire and diplomacy, but the broader vision of reconciliation and a new global order.
We will address seven key topics: historical grievances, security guarantees, economic consequences, humanitarian challenges, nuclear risks, European security, and the path to diplomacy. And today, we will go even further—discussing how the world must rebuild trust after war, how reconciliation can take place, and how we can ensure that peace is not just temporary, but permanent.
This is a rare opportunity—a moment where war could end and peace could begin. But that depends on the choices we make. Will this be yet another cycle of conflict, or will it be the turning point where the world chooses cooperation over confrontation? History will remember what happens here. Let us make sure it remembers us not for prolonging war, but for forging peace. The time is now. The world is watching. Let us begin.
(Note: This is an imaginary conversation, a creative exploration of an idea, and not a real speech or event.)
Historical Context and Misunderstandings
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“Good evening, everyone. Today, we gather to discuss one of the most pivotal and misunderstood aspects of the Ukraine-Russia conflict—its historical context. This war didn’t begin in 2022; its roots go back decades, if not centuries. Much of this crisis traces back to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent NATO expansions that followed. The perception of broken promises and fears of encirclement are deeply ingrained in Russian strategic thought. Meanwhile, for Ukraine, the desire for sovereignty and security led to its pursuit of NATO membership. Today, we have key figures whose decisions have shaped this narrative. President Trump, in your recent conversation, you mentioned your approach to diplomacy, stating that you align with the world and the pursuit of peace. Can you elaborate on how this philosophy shapes your perspective on the historical context of NATO's expansion and Russia's security concerns?”
Donald Trump:
“Thank you, Jeffrey. Look, I’ve always said that we need to be tough but smart. People say I align with Putin, but that’s not true. I’m aligned with America, and more importantly, with the world. I want this war to end because it’s bad for everyone. Now, let’s be real—NATO expanded because those countries wanted protection. They didn’t trust Russia. But at the same time, we have to acknowledge that pushing NATO to Russia’s doorstep was provocative. You can’t poke the bear and then act surprised when it reacts. My approach is simple: strength through negotiation. If we’re going to get a deal done, we can’t have this hatred. We need to be tough, but we also need to be fair.”
Vladimir Putin:
“President Trump, you are right about one thing—NATO’s expansion was a provocation. When the Soviet Union collapsed, we were promised by the West that NATO would not move ‘one inch eastward.’ Yet, NATO expanded to include 14 new members, all former Soviet allies. This wasn’t about security; it was about containment. It was about surrounding Russia, reducing our influence, and challenging our sovereignty. Ukraine’s potential NATO membership was the final red line. We could not allow NATO missiles on our border, minutes away from Moscow. We did not seek this conflict, but we could not ignore this existential threat either.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“President Putin, with all due respect, Ukraine is a sovereign nation. We have the right to choose our own alliances. We pursued NATO membership because of Russia’s aggression—because of 2014 when you annexed Crimea, and because of the war you started in Donbas. You talk about NATO expansion, but what about your own expansionist policies? You took our land, violated international law, and killed our people. This is not about your security—it’s about your imperial ambitions. We want peace, but not at the cost of our sovereignty and independence.”
Angela Merkel:
“I understand both perspectives. As someone who was there during the Minsk agreements, I can tell you that the failure of diplomacy contributed to this situation. Both sides failed to implement the agreements fully. NATO’s expansion was a response to the desires of Central and Eastern European nations. They sought security, and NATO provided it. But perhaps we underestimated how deeply this would be perceived as a threat by Russia. In hindsight, we could have engaged Moscow more actively in dialogue to ease these fears. That was a missed opportunity.”
Henry Kissinger:
“This is a classic case of strategic miscalculation. The United States and NATO expanded eastward, assuming Russia was weak and would acquiesce. But Russia perceived this as a strategic encirclement. Ukraine, meanwhile, was caught in the middle, wanting security from NATO while being historically tied to Russia. In my experience, neutral buffer zones have preserved peace in Europe. A neutral Ukraine could have served this purpose. But the West’s insistence on NATO membership for Ukraine was provocative, and Russia’s reaction was predictable. We are now facing the consequences of failing to recognize historical realities and strategic balance.”
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“It’s evident that historical grievances, security concerns, and national identities are at the heart of this crisis. President Trump, you mentioned the importance of negotiation without hatred. How do you see this approach working given the deep historical mistrust between Russia and Ukraine? And President Zelensky, do you see any possibility of neutrality as a compromise, given the historical context?”
Security Guarantees and Neutrality
Moderator: Jeffrey Sachs
Participants: Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, Volodymyr Zelensky, Emmanuel Macron, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“As we transition to the next topic, we must acknowledge that the issue of security guarantees and neutrality is at the core of this conflict. Russia sees NATO’s expansion as a direct threat, while Ukraine seeks security assurances from Western alliances, fearing further aggression. Neutrality has been proposed as a potential solution, yet its implementation remains contentious. President Trump, in your recent conversation, you emphasized the importance of diplomacy without hatred. How would you propose a security framework that ensures Ukraine’s safety while addressing Russia’s security concerns?”
Donald Trump:
“Well, Jeffrey, the key to this is balance. I said before, if I didn’t align myself with both sides, we’d never have a deal. We have to be smart. Ukraine needs security, no question about it. But Russia needs guarantees that NATO isn’t going to place missiles right on its doorstep. My proposal is simple: Ukraine remains neutral—no NATO membership, but gets strong security guarantees from both the West and Russia. That means an international treaty where all parties, including Russia, agree to respect Ukraine’s borders. I’m talking about iron-clad guarantees, not empty promises. That way, nobody feels threatened, and everybody feels secure.”
Vladimir Putin:
“President Trump, this is exactly what we wanted from the beginning. Our red line has always been NATO membership for Ukraine. We cannot allow NATO missiles to be placed in Kharkiv or Odessa, minutes away from Moscow. Neutrality for Ukraine is the only solution that guarantees our security. But neutrality means no NATO infrastructure, no foreign military bases, and no weapons from NATO countries on Ukrainian soil. In exchange, Russia will guarantee Ukraine’s sovereignty and borders. This isn’t about expansion; it’s about survival. We do not want war, but we will not allow a military alliance aimed at us right next to our borders.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“Neutrality sounds simple, but it is not. We’ve been attacked by Russia. They took Crimea. They invaded Donbas. How can we trust Russia to respect our neutrality when they have repeatedly violated our sovereignty? We need real security guarantees, not just words on paper. We tried diplomacy with the Budapest Memorandum, and look where it got us. I would consider neutrality if, and only if, we receive security guarantees from the U.S., Europe, and Russia itself—guarantees that are enforceable and backed by international peacekeepers. Otherwise, neutrality is just another word for vulnerability.”
Emmanuel Macron:
“President Zelensky, I understand your concerns. Ukraine’s security is Europe’s security. That’s why I support a European-led security framework that ensures your sovereignty and territorial integrity while addressing Russia’s security concerns. A neutral Ukraine, backed by a multinational security guarantee, including European peacekeepers, could be the solution. Europe must play a central role in this, as we are directly affected by this conflict. But this requires trust, and that trust can only be built through dialogue and binding international agreements. President Putin, are you willing to commit to such binding agreements?”
Vladimir Putin:
“If Ukraine agrees to permanent neutrality—no NATO, no foreign military bases, no Western weapons—I am prepared to sign a binding treaty guaranteeing its sovereignty and borders. Russia will withdraw its forces, and we will respect Ukraine’s independence. But neutrality must be permanent, not a temporary arrangement that can be reversed by future governments. And NATO must stop its military activities in Eastern Europe. We need real de-escalation, not just words.”
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan:
“Turkey is ready to act as a guarantor state to oversee this neutrality. We are strategically positioned and have good relations with both Ukraine and Russia. We can ensure that both sides honor their commitments. But for this to work, we need the U.S. and NATO to agree to halt further expansion in Eastern Europe, and we need Russia to withdraw its forces from Ukrainian territory. This will require concessions from both sides, but it is the only way to achieve lasting peace.”
Donald Trump:
“I like this idea. A neutral Ukraine, guaranteed by a coalition of powers—U.S., Europe, Russia, and Turkey. We’ll make this an international treaty, enforceable by peacekeepers, and backed by economic incentives for rebuilding Ukraine. And let’s be clear—if anyone breaks this deal, there will be consequences. We’re talking about strong economic sanctions, military embargoes, and international isolation. This is how we get peace, folks—through strength and smart negotiation.”
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“We are seeing some convergence on the idea of neutrality, backed by international guarantees. This could be a pathway to peace, but trust remains the biggest obstacle. President Zelensky, would you be open to this arrangement if it included multinational peacekeepers and binding guarantees from all parties, including Russia? And President Putin, are you prepared to withdraw all forces from Ukraine as part of this agreement? Let's explore the next steps to make this framework a reality.”
Sanctions and Economic Consequences
Moderator: Jeffrey Sachs
Participants: Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, Volodymyr Zelensky, Xi Jinping, Angela Stent
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“Sanctions have been a key tool in this conflict, aimed at crippling Russia’s economy and pressuring political change. However, they have also had unintended consequences, affecting global markets, energy prices, and even humanitarian aid. Today, we’ll discuss the effectiveness of these sanctions and explore potential economic frameworks for peace and reconstruction. President Trump, you have spoken about leveraging economic power rather than military force. How do you view the role of sanctions in resolving this conflict?”
Donald Trump:
“Well, Jeffrey, sanctions are a double-edged sword. They can hurt an economy, but they can also backfire. Look, the Biden administration put sanctions on Russia, and what happened? Russia found new buyers for its oil, energy prices went through the roof, and Americans ended up paying more at the pump. Smart sanctions work, dumb sanctions don’t. I believe in targeted sanctions—going after oligarchs, freezing assets, cutting off funding for the war machine. But blanket sanctions that hurt ordinary people? No, that just breeds resentment. What I would do is negotiate a deal where we lift some sanctions in exchange for real concessions from Russia, like withdrawing troops and respecting Ukraine’s borders. You’ve got to give to get.”
Vladimir Putin:
“Sanctions are economic warfare, plain and simple. They are meant to cripple our economy and cause internal instability. But they have failed. Russia is not Iran or North Korea; we are a major power with vast resources. We adapted. We found new markets in China, India, and the Middle East. We have diversified our economy, built domestic industries, and created our own financial systems to bypass Western sanctions. But let’s be honest—sanctions hurt everyone, not just Russia. Europe is facing an energy crisis, developing countries are suffering from high food prices, and global supply chains are disrupted. If the West wants peace, they must lift these sanctions. In return, we are willing to negotiate fair terms for Ukraine and security guarantees for Europe. But sanctions must end.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“President Putin, sanctions are the consequence of your actions. You invaded our country, took our land, and killed our people. Sanctions are a tool to make you pay for this aggression. But I agree with President Trump that sanctions should be smart, targeted, and effective. We need sanctions that hurt the war machine, not the people. However, lifting sanctions without real change is not an option. Russia must first withdraw all troops from Ukraine, return our occupied territories, and pay for the reconstruction of our cities. Then, and only then, can we talk about easing sanctions. And let’s be clear—this isn’t just about Ukraine. It’s about the international order and the rule of law.”
Xi Jinping:
“China opposes unilateral sanctions. They violate international law and disrupt global stability. The West uses sanctions as a political weapon to impose its will on other nations. But the world is changing. The global economy is no longer unipolar. Russia has found new markets in Asia, and the Belt and Road Initiative is creating alternative trade routes. Sanctions are ineffective when the targeted country has powerful allies. I propose a new economic framework for peace—lift sanctions gradually as progress is made in peace negotiations. China is willing to mediate and provide financial support for rebuilding Ukraine, but only if sanctions are lifted on Russia. Economic growth and prosperity should not be held hostage by political conflicts.”
Angela Stent:
“Sanctions have been a blunt but necessary tool to deter aggression and uphold international norms. However, their effectiveness depends on unity among Western allies and strategic targeting. The West must coordinate better, ensuring sanctions are narrowly focused on Russian elites, defense industries, and technology transfers. But we also need to address humanitarian impacts, ensuring food and medicine reach ordinary Russians. In terms of lifting sanctions, it must be conditional—linked directly to verifiable actions, such as troop withdrawals and adherence to international agreements. We cannot simply lift sanctions without guarantees. Otherwise, it rewards aggression and sets a dangerous precedent.”
Donald Trump:
“I like what I’m hearing. Conditional sanctions make sense. We lift some sanctions if Russia pulls out of Ukraine, but we keep the big ones until we see real compliance. And let’s be smart—tie sanctions to economic incentives. Russia needs investment, Ukraine needs rebuilding. I propose creating an international reconstruction fund, funded by the U.S., Europe, and China, but only accessible once Russia complies with the peace agreement. That way, everybody has skin in the game. We leverage economics for peace, not just punishment.”
Vladimir Putin:
“President Trump, that is a reasonable proposal. Russia is prepared to negotiate a phased lifting of sanctions, tied to specific actions. We are willing to withdraw troops, respect Ukraine’s sovereignty, and engage in international monitoring. But we also need assurances—no NATO bases in Ukraine, no military support, and no more sanctions in the future. We must establish mutual trust and security guarantees. Russia is ready to rebuild Ukraine, but we need access to global markets and financial systems to do so. This is not a one-sided negotiation.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“Trust is earned, not given. Russia has broken every agreement we’ve signed before. If we are to lift sanctions, we need international guarantees, verified by neutral parties, including China and Turkey. And let’s not forget about reparations. Russia must pay for the damage it has done to Ukraine. We need a legally binding agreement, enforceable by international courts. And as for neutrality, Ukraine will not give up its right to self-defense. We need security guarantees from the U.S. and Europe to ensure this never happens again.”
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“It appears that conditional sanctions, linked to verified actions, are the common ground. An international reconstruction fund, backed by multiple powers, could be a powerful incentive. But the challenge remains: how to enforce compliance and rebuild trust? President Xi, you offered to mediate and provide financial support. How do you envision China’s role in this process? And President Trump, you spoke of an economic leverage strategy. How do you propose enforcing compliance without leading to another cycle of sanctions? Let’s explore these mechanisms as we move forward.”
Humanitarian Concerns and Reconstruction
Moderator: Jeffrey Sachs
Participants: Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, Volodymyr Zelensky, Antonio Guterres, Pope Francis
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“The human cost of this war is staggering. Millions displaced, cities in ruins, families torn apart. Yet, amidst the devastation, lies the challenge of rebuilding—a challenge that requires international cooperation, empathy, and a commitment to humanitarian principles. Today, we discuss how to address these humanitarian concerns and what a sustainable reconstruction plan would look like. President Trump, you’ve emphasized the need to end the conflict and redirect funds towards rebuilding. How do you envision the international community contributing to this effort?”
Donald Trump:
“Thank you, Jeffrey. This war has cost too many lives, and it’s time to end it. I’ve said it before—no one wins in war. But we can win in peace. My plan is to create an International Reconstruction Fund, backed by the U.S., Europe, China, and even Russia. Yes, Russia. If we’re going to rebuild Ukraine, then Russia should contribute, too. But it won’t be a blank check. Funds will be tied to verified actions, like troop withdrawals and ceasefires. And let’s be smart—no corruption. We need transparency and accountability. I want American companies to be part of this rebuilding, bringing jobs and technology to Ukraine. That’s how we help Ukraine stand on its own feet again. And I’m not talking about loans—I’m talking about investments that benefit everyone.”
Vladimir Putin:
“I agree with President Trump. Russia is prepared to contribute to the reconstruction of Ukraine, but only under the condition of neutrality and security guarantees. We did not seek this war, but we will not apologize for defending our national security. However, we understand the humanitarian cost and are willing to help rebuild. Russia can provide energy supplies, infrastructure expertise, and financial aid. But this must be a cooperative effort, not a punishment. Sanctions must be lifted first, and the West must stop weaponizing humanitarian aid. If we are to rebuild, we must do so as partners, not adversaries. And let’s be clear—rebuilding must include the Donbas region, which has suffered from years of conflict.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“Russia offers to help rebuild what they destroyed. That’s rich. But if Russia is sincere, then they must first take responsibility—withdraw all troops from our territory, pay reparations, and respect our sovereignty. Ukraine needs more than just buildings. We need justice for the victims, accountability for war crimes, and a path to healing. I agree with President Trump’s idea of an international fund, but it must be led by Ukraine, supported by our allies, and monitored by neutral international organizations. And I want to be clear—Russia’s involvement will only be accepted if they acknowledge their responsibility and pay for the damages. We will not rebuild our nation on false promises or lies.”
Antonio Guterres:
“As Secretary-General of the United Nations, I have witnessed the human cost of this conflict firsthand. The humanitarian situation is dire. Millions of refugees are displaced, children are without education, and healthcare systems are overwhelmed. This is not just about rebuilding buildings; it’s about rebuilding lives. The UN is ready to lead humanitarian aid and coordinate international assistance, but we need safe corridors, unimpeded access, and a commitment from all parties to protect civilians. Humanitarian aid should never be politicized. I call on Russia and Ukraine to allow neutral humanitarian organizations to operate freely and safely. The world must come together to address this crisis, not just with money, but with compassion and solidarity.”
Pope Francis:
“War is a failure of humanity. It breaks my heart to see the suffering of innocent people—children, the elderly, the vulnerable. Rebuilding must begin not only with bricks and mortar but with forgiveness and reconciliation. Hatred breeds hatred, but love conquers all. I call upon Russia and Ukraine to forgive each other and heal the wounds of war. Let us not just rebuild cities but rebuild hearts. The Vatican is ready to mediate peace and facilitate humanitarian aid, but it must be rooted in truth and justice. President Putin, President Zelensky, you have the power to end this suffering. Lay down your weapons, embrace peace, and rebuild with love and humility. This is not just about Ukraine or Russia; it’s about the human family.”
Donald Trump:
“Pope Francis, I respect your words, and I agree that forgiveness is powerful. But we also need practical solutions. That’s why I propose a Peace and Reconstruction Summit, hosted by the U.S. and the UN, where all stakeholders come together, including Ukraine, Russia, Europe, China, and even private investors. This summit will establish a transparent funding mechanism, monitored by international agencies, to prevent corruption and ensure funds are used for reconstruction, not for war. We’ll build hospitals, schools, and infrastructure, and we’ll create jobs. And yes, American companies will play a big role because they’re the best in the world at rebuilding. This isn’t charity—it’s smart business. We’re investing in peace.”
Vladimir Putin:
“I support the idea of an international summit, but it must be neutral and inclusive. The West cannot dictate the terms. Russia will contribute to reconstruction, but we need security guarantees. NATO must stop its eastward expansion, and Ukraine must remain neutral. Only then can we rebuild as partners, not enemies. Russia is ready to forgive, but we will not forget. We need a new security architecture for Europe that respects all nations’ sovereignty, including Russia’s. We are not against Ukraine’s prosperity. In fact, a strong and neutral Ukraine is in Russia’s interest. But we will not be humiliated or dictated to.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“I appreciate the offers of aid and support, but Ukraine’s sovereignty is non-negotiable. We are not rebuilding to become neutral pawns in a geopolitical game. We are rebuilding to become a strong, independent nation. If Russia is sincere, then start by withdrawing your troops and respecting our borders. Then we can talk about reconciliation and forgiveness. I support President Trump’s summit idea, but it must be led by Ukraine, with our allies’ support, and it must include justice for the victims. We need a new Marshall Plan for Ukraine, one that rebuilds not only our cities but also our democracy and freedom.”
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“The discussion today shows that while differences remain, there is common ground—humanitarian aid, international cooperation, and a commitment to rebuilding lives. President Trump’s proposal for a Peace and Reconstruction Summit could be a crucial step forward. But the question remains: how do we ensure accountability and justice while pursuing peace and forgiveness? Pope Francis, you spoke of reconciliation. How can we balance justice and forgiveness to heal the wounds of war? And President Putin, are you willing to accept international monitoring and oversight of the reconstruction process to ensure transparency and trust? Let’s explore these questions as we continue the dialogue.”
Global Security and Nuclear Arms Control
Moderator: Jeffrey Sachs
Participants: Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, Volodymyr Zelensky, Angela Merkel, Xi Jinping
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“The Ukraine-Russia conflict has not only reshaped European security but also raised global fears of nuclear escalation. The specter of nuclear war is no longer a relic of the Cold War but a present danger. The breakdown of arms control treaties, such as the INF Treaty and New START, has heightened these risks. Today, we face the challenge of restoring strategic stability, reducing nuclear arsenals, and ensuring that this conflict does not spiral into a nuclear catastrophe. President Trump, you’ve often spoken about your diplomatic skills in preventing wars. How would you navigate this nuclear dilemma and reestablish global security?”
Donald Trump:
“Well, Jeffrey, the key to preventing nuclear war is leadership—strong, smart leadership. When I was president, there was no talk of nuclear war. Why? Because the world knew I wouldn’t hesitate to use force if necessary, but I also knew how to negotiate tough. Look, nuclear weapons are the ultimate deterrent, but they’re also the ultimate danger. We need to bring back the New START Treaty, but we need to expand it to include China. Right now, China is building up its nuclear arsenal, and they’re not even part of the deal. That’s a problem. I propose a new tripartite nuclear arms control treaty—U.S., Russia, and China. We cap arsenals, ban intermediate-range missiles, and establish verification mechanisms. It’s about peace through strength, but also peace through smart negotiation.”
Vladimir Putin:
“I agree with President Trump that strategic stability requires leadership and strong agreements. Russia did not want to leave the INF Treaty or the Open Skies Treaty, but the United States withdrew first. We are prepared to return to the negotiating table, but it must be on equal terms. Russia will not accept American missile systems on our borders. We need mutual security guarantees. The West talks about Russian aggression, but NATO has encircled us with missile systems. If we are to reduce nuclear arsenals, we must address this imbalance. I support President Trump’s proposal for a tripartite treaty, but it must include restrictions on NATO’s missile deployments in Eastern Europe. Russia is not seeking conflict, but we will defend our security. Let’s negotiate, but let’s be fair.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“President Putin, you speak of security concerns, but what about Ukraine’s security? In 1994, we gave up our nuclear weapons under the Budapest Memorandum, trusting international guarantees for our sovereignty. Yet, in 2014, Russia annexed Crimea, and now you invade our land. How can we trust any treaty with you? If we’re going to talk about nuclear arms control, then we need a broader security framework—one that guarantees Ukraine’s security, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. We cannot live under constant nuclear threat. I support a new arms control treaty, but it must include legally binding security guarantees for non-nuclear states like Ukraine. Otherwise, it’s just words on paper.”
Angela Merkel:
“President Zelensky is right. Trust is the foundation of any arms control agreement. The Budapest Memorandum was violated, and that has damaged trust, not just between Ukraine and Russia, but globally. If we are to rebuild trust, then we need comprehensive and verifiable security guarantees. I propose a new European Security Framework that includes conventional and nuclear arms control, backed by international verification mechanisms. Europe must play a central role in this, as the continent most affected by this conflict. And President Putin, if you want NATO to withdraw missiles, then Russia must also withdraw its missiles from Kaliningrad. Security must be mutual. I support President Trump’s idea of a tripartite treaty, but we must also include European security concerns.”
Xi Jinping:
“China supports nuclear disarmament and strategic stability, but we will not accept unequal treaties. The West cannot dictate terms while building up their own arsenals. China’s nuclear arsenal is purely defensive, and we have maintained a ‘no first use’ policy. But if we are to join this new arms control treaty, then it must also include the U.S. missile defense systems in Asia. These systems threaten China’s security and destabilize the region. If the U.S. wants China to cap its nuclear arsenal, then they must also limit their missile deployments in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. China is willing to negotiate, but it must be a balanced and fair treaty. Otherwise, it is merely a tool of containment.”
Donald Trump:
“I hear you, President Xi. That’s why I said this has to be a tripartite deal—U.S., Russia, and China. Everyone has to make concessions, and that includes us. I’m willing to negotiate limits on U.S. missile defense systems in Asia if China agrees to cap its nuclear buildup. But we need full transparency and verification. I don’t want any surprises. That means open inspections, satellite monitoring, and real consequences for cheating. And let’s be clear—this treaty won’t be just about capping nukes. It will include intermediate-range missiles, cyber warfare restrictions, and even space weapons. It’s time to bring arms control into the 21st century. Let’s make this the biggest, toughest, and most comprehensive arms control treaty in history.”
Vladimir Putin:
“I support this vision. Russia is ready to participate in a new, comprehensive arms control treaty, but it must be inclusive and balanced. NATO’s missile systems in Eastern Europe are a direct threat to Russia. If the U.S. agrees to limit these systems, then Russia will withdraw its missiles from Kaliningrad. We can also agree to limit hypersonic weapons and cyber warfare. But this treaty must include NATO, not just the U.S. If we are to build global security, then all parties must participate. Russia does not seek conflict, but we will defend our security. Let’s negotiate a new strategic stability framework that includes all powers—U.S., China, Europe, and Russia.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“I support arms control, but I also need security guarantees. Ukraine cannot remain vulnerable to nuclear blackmail. If we are to agree to a new arms control treaty, then Ukraine needs a binding security guarantee from the U.S., Europe, and Russia. We cannot rely on words alone, as the Budapest Memorandum has shown. I propose a new security framework where Ukraine receives defensive weapons, international peacekeepers, and legal guarantees of our sovereignty. Only then can we agree to nuclear arms control. Otherwise, we are merely exchanging one threat for another.”
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“We are witnessing a historic moment. All parties are showing willingness to negotiate a new and comprehensive arms control treaty. President Trump’s proposal for a tripartite agreement could reshape global security, but it hinges on mutual trust and verifiable compliance. President Putin, you mentioned NATO’s involvement. How do we include NATO in these negotiations? And President Xi, you spoke about missile defense systems in Asia. How do we balance regional security with strategic stability? Let’s explore these complexities as we move forward in this dialogue.”
European Security Architecture
Moderator: Jeffrey Sachs
Participants: Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, Volodymyr Zelensky, Emmanuel Macron, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“The Ukraine-Russia conflict has exposed deep flaws in the European security architecture. NATO’s expansion, Russia’s security concerns, and Ukraine’s desire for sovereignty have collided in a geopolitical flashpoint. To achieve long-term peace, we must rethink Europe’s security framework. Can we design a system that ensures security for all—Russia, Ukraine, and NATO members alike? President Trump, you have often spoken about redefining NATO’s role. How would you reshape European security to prevent future conflicts?”
Donald Trump:
“Thanks, Jeffrey. I’ve always said NATO needs a makeover. It was designed for the Cold War, but this isn’t the 1980s. It’s outdated. We need a new European security system that includes Russia, not one that isolates it. Here’s my plan: We create a new security framework called the ‘European Security Alliance’ (ESA). It’s not NATO, but it’s connected to NATO. It includes the U.S., Europe, Ukraine, and yes, Russia. We focus on counter-terrorism, cybersecurity, and peacekeeping—not provoking each other. And here’s the kicker—no more NATO expansion. We freeze NATO’s borders right here, right now. In exchange, Russia guarantees the sovereignty and security of all its neighbors, including Ukraine. It’s time to end this Cold War mentality and bring Russia back into the fold.”
Vladimir Putin:
“President Trump, your proposal is pragmatic. Russia has always been open to cooperation with Europe, but NATO’s expansion has been a direct threat to our security. We were promised that NATO would not move ‘one inch eastward,’ yet it expanded to our borders. This is not about ideology; it’s about survival. We do not want conflict with NATO, but we will not tolerate encirclement. If NATO’s expansion is frozen, and Russia is included in this new security framework, then we are prepared to guarantee Ukraine’s neutrality and sovereignty. We can also negotiate mutual military reductions in Eastern Europe. But this must be a balanced and equal security system, not one that dictates terms to Russia. We will not be treated as a defeated power.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“I appreciate the idea of a new security framework, but I have serious concerns. Ukraine has been attacked, invaded, and occupied. We cannot trust Russia’s promises without enforceable guarantees. If we are to be part of this European Security Alliance, then we need legally binding security guarantees from all members, including Russia. I propose a ‘Security Assurance Treaty,’ where any violation of Ukraine’s sovereignty would trigger automatic defense support from Europe and the U.S. No more vague agreements like the Budapest Memorandum. And let’s be clear—Ukraine will not give up its right to self-defense or alliances. Neutrality can only be considered if our security is guaranteed by international peacekeepers and backed by economic development. We want peace, but we will not surrender our independence.”
Emmanuel Macron:
“President Zelensky, your concerns are valid. European security cannot be built on broken promises. But I believe President Trump’s proposal for a European Security Alliance is a step in the right direction. It reflects a new reality—Europe needs its own security framework, independent but cooperative with NATO. This alliance should include joint peacekeeping missions, counter-terrorism cooperation, and cybersecurity defense. It should also include economic integration and development programs for Eastern Europe, including Ukraine, to stabilize the region. And President Putin, if Russia is to be included, then Russia must commit to withdrawing its forces from Ukraine and respecting all international borders. We must build trust through actions, not words. I propose a phased security plan, where each step—military withdrawal, sanctions relief, and economic aid—is linked to verified actions. Let’s rebuild trust, one step at a time.”
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan:
“Turkey supports the idea of a new European security framework, but it must be inclusive and balanced. As a key NATO member and a bridge between East and West, Turkey is ready to mediate and host peace talks. But let’s be realistic—no security architecture will work without addressing regional conflicts in the Caucasus, the Balkans, and the Black Sea. I propose a ‘Regional Security Dialogue,’ under the umbrella of this new alliance, where all parties—Europe, Russia, Turkey, and the U.S.—negotiate regional disputes through diplomacy, not war. And let’s not forget about energy security. Europe’s dependence on Russian gas is a vulnerability. We need a diversified energy strategy, including pipelines from the Middle East and Central Asia. Security is not just about military alliances; it’s about economic and energy stability. Turkey is ready to be the energy hub that connects East and West.”
Donald Trump:
“I love this. A phased plan with real actions and accountability. And I agree with President Erdoğan—energy security is key. That’s why I’m proposing the ‘European Energy Independence Initiative.’ We’ll develop new pipelines, expand LNG terminals, and invest in renewable energy across Europe. And we’ll do it together—U.S., Europe, Ukraine, and Russia. If Russia wants to sell gas, that’s fine, but Europe must have alternatives. No more energy blackmail. And I support the Regional Security Dialogue. Let’s bring in Turkey, China, and even Israel. This isn’t just about Ukraine and Russia; it’s about global security. We need a comprehensive security framework, and the U.S. is ready to lead.”
Vladimir Putin:
“I support this comprehensive approach. If NATO’s expansion is frozen and Russia is included in this new European Security Alliance, then we are willing to negotiate mutual military reductions, joint peacekeeping missions, and cybersecurity cooperation. We are also ready to guarantee Ukraine’s neutrality and sovereignty, but it must be permanent. No NATO bases, no foreign troops, no Western weapons in Ukraine. In return, Russia will withdraw its forces, end military exercises near NATO’s borders, and respect all international agreements. But this must be a fair and balanced system, not one that dictates terms to Russia. We are not seeking conflict, but we will defend our security. Let’s build a new European security system based on mutual respect and equal security for all.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“I am open to this European Security Alliance, but Ukraine’s sovereignty is non-negotiable. We will not accept neutrality without iron-clad security guarantees, backed by international peacekeepers and legally binding treaties. I propose that Ukraine be the pilot project for this new security framework. Let’s start with phased military withdrawals, joint peacekeeping missions, and economic development programs in Donbas and Crimea. And let’s not forget about justice. War crimes must be prosecuted, and reparations must be paid. We cannot rebuild peace without accountability. I am ready to negotiate, but Ukraine’s independence will never be compromised.”
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“This is a historic moment. We are witnessing the potential birth of a new European Security Architecture—one that freezes NATO’s borders, includes Russia, guarantees Ukraine’s sovereignty, and stabilizes the region. But questions remain: How do we enforce compliance? Can we trust each other enough to demilitarize borders and share energy resources? President Macron, you proposed a phased approach. How do we sequence these actions to build trust? And President Erdoğan, you offered to mediate a Regional Security Dialogue. How do we include regional powers like Iran and Israel without escalating tensions? Let’s explore these complexities as we continue this dialogue.”
Diplomatic Path Forward
Moderator: Jeffrey Sachs
Participants: Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin, Volodymyr Zelensky, Xi Jinping, Emmanuel Macron
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“We’ve reached the final and perhaps most crucial topic—finding a diplomatic path forward. Military confrontations and sanctions have brought nothing but devastation. It’s time to talk about peace. But peace is not merely the absence of war; it requires trust, reconciliation, and a new vision for coexistence. President Trump, you’ve spoken about the power of negotiation without hatred. How would you leverage your diplomatic philosophy to pave the way for a sustainable peace agreement?”
Donald Trump:
“Thanks, Jeffrey. Look, I’ve always said deals are made by talking, not by fighting. And you don’t make deals by hating the other guy—you make them by understanding what they want and figuring out how to give them just enough to say yes. Here’s how I see it: We need a ‘Grand Bargain.’ That means everybody gives something, and everybody gets something. For Russia, that means NATO stops expanding and security guarantees are put in place. For Ukraine, that means sovereignty and territorial integrity are respected. And for the U.S. and Europe, that means stability and no more energy blackmail. I propose a new Peace Treaty, called the ‘Kyiv Accord,’ negotiated by a Peace Summit with all parties involved—U.S., Russia, Ukraine, Europe, and China. And we do it fast. No endless talks, no empty words. We get in a room, we lock the doors, and we don’t leave until we have a deal. That’s how you make peace.”
Vladimir Putin:
“President Trump, your approach is direct and pragmatic. Russia is ready for peace, but it must be a just and fair peace. We cannot compromise on our national security. NATO’s expansion has been a direct threat to Russia’s sovereignty, and we will not tolerate foreign military bases on our borders. However, we do not seek to occupy Ukraine. We are willing to recognize Ukraine’s sovereignty and independence, but under the condition of permanent neutrality—no NATO, no foreign military presence, and no Western weapons on Ukrainian soil. In return, Russia will withdraw its troops, respect Ukraine’s borders, and guarantee its security. We are also willing to participate in international reconstruction efforts, but sanctions must be lifted first. We cannot negotiate with a gun to our head. If the West is sincere about peace, then they must show it by lifting sanctions and engaging in honest dialogue. Let us end this conflict with dignity and respect for all nations involved.”
Volodymyr Zelensky:
“President Putin, you speak of peace, but peace without justice is not peace—it’s surrender. Ukraine has been invaded, occupied, and devastated. We will not accept any agreement that compromises our sovereignty or territorial integrity. Neutrality is not an option if it leaves us vulnerable to future aggression. However, I am willing to negotiate on the terms of our security arrangements. If we are to consider neutrality, then it must be backed by international security guarantees from the U.S., Europe, and Russia, enforceable by international peacekeepers. And let’s be clear—there will be no compromise on Crimea and Donbas. These are Ukrainian lands, and they must be returned. But I am open to discussing phased reintegration and special status for these regions, provided that Russia withdraws its troops and stops supporting separatist movements. We want peace, but it must be a just peace, not a dictated peace.”
Xi Jinping:
“China supports a peaceful resolution and is ready to act as a neutral mediator. We have strategic partnerships with both Russia and Ukraine, and we believe in dialogue over confrontation. The world cannot afford another Cold War or a divided Europe. China proposes a ‘Peace and Prosperity Framework,’ where security guarantees are balanced with economic cooperation. We must address the root causes of this conflict—security insecurities, economic dependencies, and historical grievances. China is ready to invest in the reconstruction of Ukraine and support economic integration between Europe, Russia, and Ukraine. We believe in a win-win approach, where peace brings prosperity to all. I also propose a ‘No-First-Use’ agreement on nuclear weapons and a commitment to no further NATO expansion. Let us replace confrontation with cooperation, and let us build a community of shared destiny. China is ready to lead this diplomatic effort and support the Kyiv Accord proposed by President Trump.”
Emmanuel Macron:
“As President of France and a leader of Europe, I fully support the idea of a Kyiv Accord. But this agreement must be comprehensive and enforceable. I propose a phased peace plan with three pillars: Security Guarantees, Economic Integration, and Reconciliation. First, we need mutual security guarantees, verified by international observers, with phased military withdrawals and peacekeeping forces in disputed regions. Second, we need an Economic Integration Plan, supported by a ‘Marshall Plan for Ukraine,’ funded by the U.S., Europe, China, and Russia. This plan will rebuild Ukraine, stabilize its economy, and integrate it into the European economic system. Third, we need a Reconciliation and Justice Commission, modeled after South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, to investigate war crimes, promote accountability, and heal the wounds of war. Europe is ready to lead this effort, but we need the commitment of all parties. Let us turn this tragedy into an opportunity for a new European security order.”
Donald Trump:
“I like what I’m hearing. A phased plan, verified by international observers, backed by economic integration. This is how you make peace. And I agree with President Xi—China has to be part of this. We need a global solution to a global problem. But we need action, not words. I’m ready to host this Peace Summit in the U.S., at Camp David or Mar-a-Lago, wherever it takes to get this done. And I’m not talking about endless summits. We get in a room, we hash out the details, and we sign the Kyiv Accord. That’s how you make history. That’s how you make peace.”
Vladimir Putin:
“Russia is ready to participate in this Peace Summit and negotiate a comprehensive peace agreement, but it must be based on mutual respect and equal security. We will not be humiliated or dictated to. We are ready to recognize Ukraine’s sovereignty, guarantee its neutrality, and withdraw our forces. But in return, we need guarantees of no NATO expansion, no Western military bases, and the lifting of all sanctions. We are also prepared to participate in international reconstruction efforts and contribute to the Economic Integration Plan proposed by President Macron. But this must be a fair and balanced peace, one that respects Russia’s security and sovereignty. Let us end this conflict and build a new era of cooperation and peace.”
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
“This is a historic moment. We are seeing the outlines of a comprehensive peace agreement—a Kyiv Accord that balances security guarantees, economic integration, and reconciliation. But the devil is in the details. How do we ensure compliance? How do we enforce security guarantees? And how do we heal the wounds of war? President Xi, you offered to mediate and support economic integration. How do we leverage China’s economic power to stabilize the region? And President Zelensky, you demanded justice and accountability. How do we balance justice with reconciliation? Let’s explore these complexities as we finalize this diplomatic path forward.”
The Path to Post-War Reconciliation and a New Global Order
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
"We have spent this summit discussing security frameworks, economic consequences, humanitarian aid, and the pathways to peace. But peace is not just about treaties—it’s about healing. Even if the war stops today, the scars will remain. Trust has been shattered. Lives have been lost. Families have been torn apart. The question now is: how do we move forward? How do Ukraine, Russia, and the world ensure that this war does not leave a legacy of hatred and division for generations to come? And more broadly, how does this conflict shape the future of global order? Will we remain locked in cycles of distrust, or can we emerge stronger, united by lessons learned?
"Today, we discuss the hard questions of reconciliation, justice, and rebuilding—not just economies, but relationships between people, cultures, and nations. Let’s begin with you, President Trump. You have emphasized negotiation over confrontation. What role do you see for global diplomacy in shaping a post-war future?"
Donald Trump:
"Thanks, Jeffrey. Look, wars end, but grudges last if you don’t fix the relationships. That’s why I’ve been pushing for a deal—because the longer this goes, the harder it’ll be to repair. After the war, the real challenge will be making sure Ukraine and Russia don’t spend the next 50 years hating each other. That’s bad for business, bad for security, and bad for the world.
"Here’s my take: First, we need an agreement that’s fair, something both sides can live with. No humiliation, no revenge—just practical, smart diplomacy. Second, economic reintegration. Russia and Ukraine have history, trade routes, families across borders. They need to work together again. That means investment, rebuilding, and ensuring people see cooperation as beneficial, not betrayal. Third, we need a ‘Truth and Reconciliation Process’—like they did in South Africa. Not just political leaders, but regular people, veterans, families—talking, facing what happened, and working through it. Otherwise, the next war is just a matter of time."
Vladimir Putin:
"President Trump makes a valid point. Wars do not just end with military withdrawal; they require reconciliation. However, it is naïve to think that deep wounds will heal overnight. The key to a stable post-war order is mutual security. Russia will not accept a peace that comes at the cost of its national interests. But at the same time, we do not seek permanent hostility with Ukraine. We are willing to participate in a framework that ensures peace, trade, and regional stability.
"Rebuilding trust will take years, maybe decades. It starts with small steps—lifting unnecessary sanctions, reopening dialogue, cultural and historical exchanges, and economic cooperation. The West must also recognize its role in escalating tensions. If we are to move forward, we must acknowledge the mistakes on all sides. Russia does not want a world where we are isolated. We want a world where nations respect each other’s sovereignty and interests."
Volodymyr Zelensky:
"President Putin speaks of trust, but trust must be earned. Ukraine has suffered devastation, occupation, and immense human loss. Our people will not simply ‘move on’ without justice. Reconciliation cannot come at the cost of forgetting. We need accountability for war crimes, reparations for damages, and absolute guarantees that this will never happen again. I will not accept a peace that tells Ukrainians to forgive without justice.
"However, I agree with President Trump and President Putin on one point: the future cannot be built on endless hostility. There must be a process—a roadmap to reconciliation that acknowledges what happened, but also provides a future where Russia and Ukraine are no longer enemies. That means structured dialogues, joint rebuilding efforts, and a serious commitment from Russia to respect Ukraine’s sovereignty in both words and actions. Economic cooperation might be the bridge, but it cannot come before security guarantees and justice for the victims of this war."
Steven Eugene Kuhn:
"I want to be blunt here. Politicians can make agreements, sign papers, shake hands for the cameras—but the real question is: will the people believe in peace? That’s the hard part. Right now, Ukrainian families are grieving. Russian families are grieving too, losing their sons in a war they never wanted. Civilians have lost homes, businesses, entire communities. People don’t just forget that because politicians tell them to.
"So how do we rebuild? It starts on the ground. First, veterans on both sides—those who fought, suffered, and lost—must be part of the reconciliation. If they see a future beyond war, others will follow. Second, humanitarian efforts must be prioritized over political gains. Rebuilding schools, hospitals, homes—these are not political statements; they are acts of humanity. Third, public discussions—town halls, cultural exchanges, victim support programs—must happen in both Ukraine and Russia. Real people must lead the reconciliation, not just politicians looking for another press conference.
"We must stop seeing war as a chess game and start seeing people as the ones who pay the price. Ukraine wants peace. Russians want peace. It’s the politicians who keep pushing for war. If we are serious about a new global order, let’s start with the people, not just the policies."
Jeffrey Sachs (Moderator):
"What we’ve heard today is a common thread: reconciliation is not just about diplomacy, but about restoring trust, dignity, and cooperation between peoples. President Trump speaks of economic reintegration as a pathway to peace. President Putin and President Zelensky both highlight security and justice as non-negotiable foundations. And Steven Eugene Kuhn reminds us that no agreement will succeed unless the people believe in it.
"The next steps are critical. Can Russia and Ukraine commit to a phased reconciliation process that includes truth and accountability? Can we create an economic and humanitarian framework that prioritizes rebuilding lives over geopolitical strategies? And can we, as a global community, learn from this war to prevent the next?
"We are not just talking about Ukraine and Russia here. We are talking about a world that must choose whether it learns from history or repeats it. The leaders at this table have the power to shape what comes next. The choice is not just theirs—it is all of ours. Do we build a world of distrust and division, or do we commit to a future of reconciliation and peace? Let us reflect on this as we move to our final thoughts."
Final Thoughts by Jeffrey Sachs
We have reached the conclusion of a truly historic dialogue—one that did not just examine the immediate challenges of war, but sought to answer the bigger question: How do we build a world beyond conflict? Throughout these discussions, we have confronted history, security, diplomacy, economics, and, most importantly, the human cost of war. But today was not just about identifying problems—it was about creating solutions and imagining a future where peace is not only possible but sustainable."
"From President Trump, we heard a focus on negotiation without hatred, on using diplomacy and economic integration to create a foundation for lasting stability. President Putin emphasized national security and mutual respect as prerequisites for peace. President Zelensky reminded us that justice and security guarantees must come before any lasting reconciliation. Steven Eugene Kuhn brought us back to the people—reminding us that no treaty, no agreement, no handshake can succeed unless the people themselves believe in peace. And through it all, one theme remained constant: We must rebuild not just cities, but trust. Not just economies, but human relationships."
"What this war has taught us—what all wars teach us—is that cycles of revenge and division lead nowhere. Today, we have seen the willingness of world leaders to engage in diplomacy, but diplomacy must be followed by action. If there is one thing history has shown us, it is that peace is not just the absence of war—it is the presence of justice, cooperation, and a shared vision for the future."
"We now face a choice: Will we continue the patterns of division and hostility that have shaped so much of our past, or will we break free and create a world where conflicts are resolved through diplomacy rather than destruction? Will Ukraine and Russia remain locked in an endless cycle of mistrust, or will they take the difficult but necessary steps toward reconciliation? Will the world continue to operate in outdated geopolitical rivalries, or will we take this opportunity to build a new global order based on cooperation and mutual security?"
"The answers to these questions will not come from one summit, one treaty, or one moment of negotiation. They will come from a sustained commitment by all parties—leaders, nations, and most importantly, the people. Today, we have laid the foundation for a future built on peace. Now, it is time for the world to walk that path."
"Let history remember this as the moment when dialogue triumphed over division. When peace was not just hoped for, but actively pursued. When leaders chose diplomacy over destruction, and humanity over hostility. The world is watching. The future is waiting. The choice is ours. Let us choose wisely.
Thank you.
Short Bios:
Jeffrey Sachs
An influential American economist and public policy analyst, Jeffrey Sachs is known for his work on global economic development, sustainability, and poverty alleviation. As a senior UN advisor, he has played a key role in the formulation of the Sustainable Development Goals. He is also a vocal advocate for diplomacy and conflict resolution, emphasizing the importance of economic cooperation in achieving global peace.
Donald Trump
45th and 47th President of the United States, Donald Trump is a businessman and media personality known for his unconventional political style. After a landslide election victory in 2024, he returned to the White House to build upon his previous successes, aiming to reject extremist policies and improve the quality of life for Americans. His foreign policy emphasizes American interests, economic leverage, and strategic security, often advocating for negotiations that involve compromise and mutual benefit.
Vladimir Putin
President of Russia, Vladimir Putin has been a dominant figure in Russian politics for over two decades. His leadership is marked by a strong emphasis on national security and geopolitical influence. Putin seeks to restore Russia’s status as a global power and frequently highlights NATO expansion as a security threat. He advocates for a multipolar world order and strategic stability through diplomacy and military strength.
Volodymyr Zelensky
President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky is a former comedian and actor who became a political leader known for his resilience and commitment to Ukraine’s sovereignty and democracy. He advocates for justice, accountability, and international security guarantees for Ukraine. Zelensky emphasizes Ukraine’s independence and seeks international support for territorial integrity and reconstruction.
Steven Eugene Kuhn
A U.S. military veteran, leadership strategist, and advocate for humanitarian-driven solutions, Steven Eugene Kuhn emphasizes the real human cost of war. He critiques geopolitical power struggles and calls for reconciliation efforts that prioritize veterans, civilians, and long-term peacebuilding. Kuhn believes that diplomacy must be rooted in reality, not just political posturing.
Xi Jinping
President of China and General Secretary of the Communist Party, Xi Jinping is a global strategist advocating for a multipolar world order and economic cooperation. Under his leadership, China has pursued the Belt and Road Initiative, aiming for global economic integration. Xi promotes dialogue over confrontation and emphasizes China’s role as a mediator and economic powerhouse in international conflicts.
Emmanuel Macron
President of France, Emmanuel Macron is a proponent of European integration and strategic autonomy. He advocates for a balanced European security framework and emphasizes the importance of diplomacy and dialogue in international relations. Macron supports phased peace plans, economic integration, and reconciliation, positioning Europe as a mediator in global conflicts.
Angela Merkel
Former Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel is renowned for her pragmatic diplomacy and leadership in European politics. She is a strong advocate for international law, human rights, and strategic security frameworks in Europe. Merkel emphasizes mutual security guarantees and coordinated sanctions, advocating for a balanced approach to diplomacy and international cooperation.
Antonio Guterres
Secretary-General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres is a champion of human rights, humanitarian aid, and sustainable development. He advocates for international diplomacy and multilateralism to resolve conflicts. Guterres emphasizes the importance of humanitarian corridors, global cooperation, and peacekeeping in maintaining international stability and security.
Pope Francis
The head of the Catholic Church, Pope Francis is known for his advocacy of peace, compassion, and social justice. He promotes dialogue and reconciliation as pathways to resolving conflicts. Pope Francis emphasizes the importance of forgiveness, healing, and unity, calling for global cooperation and moral leadership in addressing humanitarian crises and promoting peace.
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